Abstract
The most serious of these is to stimulate the development of sustainable and, at the same time, environmentally friendly systems. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of two biostimulants on the bean yield and fiber fractions in seeds: neutral-detergent fiber, acid-detergent fiber, lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. The field experiment performed in 2016–2018 in Poland. Over the growing season, plants were treated with biostimulants seaweed extracts (concentrations of 0.7% and 1%) and amino acids (0.3% and 0.5%) based products. Plants were sprayed a single time in the Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt and Chemical industry (BBCH) 13–15 phenological phases and a double spray in the BBCH 13–15 and 61. The study showed a significant increase in bean yield (average 32.08% compare to control) when seaweed extracts was used in the form of a double spray at a higher concentration. In the case of the application of amino acids-based product, the best results (increase of 21.97%) were obtained using a double spray at a lower concentration. It was found that the tested biostimulants changed the fiber fractions of bean seeds. The acid-detergent fiber (ADF) content was the highest (average increase of 2%) after double plant treatment with seaweed extracts based product. While the increased concentration of neutral-detergent fiber (NDF) (over 4%) resulted from double spraying with lower concentration of this biostimulant. The increase in the lignin (ADL) (1.12%), hemicellulose (HCEL) (4.54%), and cellulose (CEL) (0.91%) represented plant response to the double application of this biostimulant in the higher concentration. The results indicated also that the use of amino acids-based product caused an increase in the ADF (0.28%), NDF (10.27%), ADL (0.63%), and HCEL (9.99%) contents in bean seeds as an effect of double plant treatment with this biostimulant at lower concentration.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Double spraying with higher-concentration seaweed extract increased bean yield by an average of 32.08% relative to control.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- seaweed extracts was used in the form of a double spray at a higher concentratione0
- Outcome
- bean yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 32.08%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study showed a significant increase in bean yield (average 32.08% compare to control) when seaweed extracts was used in the form of a double spray at a higher concentration.”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Double spraying with lower-concentration amino acid product increased bean yield by 21.97%.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- amino acids-based producte0
- Outcome
- bean yielde1
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 21.97%e0
- Qualifier
- double spray at a lower concentratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the case of the application of amino acids-based product, the best results (increase of 21.97%) were obtained using a double spray at a lower concentration.”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
e1“bean yield and fiber fractions in seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Double treatment with seaweed extract increased seed ADF content by an average of 2%.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- double plant treatment with seaweed extracts based producte0
- Outcome
- acid-detergent fiber (ADF) contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The acid-detergent fiber (ADF) content was the highest (average increase of 2%) after double plant treatment with seaweed extracts based product.”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Double spraying with lower-concentration seaweed extract increased seed NDF by over 4%.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- double spraying with lower concentration of this biostimulante0
- Outcome
- neutral-detergent fiber (NDF)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- over 4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increased concentration of neutral-detergent fiber (NDF) (over 4%) resulted from double spraying with lower concentration of this biostimulant.”
e1“seaweed extracts based product”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher-concentration double seaweed treatment increased seed lignin by 1.12%.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- double application of this biostimulant in the higher concentratione0
- Outcome
- lignin (ADL)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 1.12%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in the lignin (ADL) (1.12%), hemicellulose (HCEL) (4.54%), and cellulose (CEL) (0.91%) represented plant response to the double application of this biostimulant in the higher concentration.”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher-concentration double seaweed treatment increased seed hemicellulose by 4.54%.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- double application of this biostimulant in the higher concentratione0
- Outcome
- hemicellulose (HCEL)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 4.54%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in the lignin (ADL) (1.12%), hemicellulose (HCEL) (4.54%), and cellulose (CEL) (0.91%) represented plant response to the double application of this biostimulant in the higher concentration.”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher-concentration double seaweed treatment increased seed cellulose by 0.91%.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- double application of this biostimulant in the higher concentratione0
- Outcome
- cellulose (CEL)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 0.91%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in the lignin (ADL) (1.12%), hemicellulose (HCEL) (4.54%), and cellulose (CEL) (0.91%) represented plant response to the double application of this biostimulant in the higher concentration.”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower-concentration double amino acid treatment increased seed ADF by 0.28%.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- amino acids-based producte0
- Outcome
- ADFe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 0.28%e0
- Qualifier
- double plant treatment with this biostimulant at lower concentratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of amino acids-based product caused an increase in the ADF (0.28%), NDF (10.27%), ADL (0.63%), and HCEL (9.99%) contents in bean seeds as an effect of double plant treatment with this biostimulant at lower concentration.”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower-concentration double amino acid treatment increased seed NDF by 10.27%.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- amino acids-based producte0
- Outcome
- NDFe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 10.27%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of amino acids-based product caused an increase in the ADF (0.28%), NDF (10.27%), ADL (0.63%), and HCEL (9.99%) contents in bean seeds as an effect of double plant treatment with this biostimulant at lower concentration.”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower-concentration double amino acid treatment increased seed ADL by 0.63%.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- amino acids-based producte0
- Outcome
- ADLe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 0.63%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of amino acids-based product caused an increase in the ADF (0.28%), NDF (10.27%), ADL (0.63%), and HCEL (9.99%) contents in bean seeds as an effect of double plant treatment with this biostimulant at lower concentration.”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower-concentration double amino acid treatment increased seed HCEL by 9.99%.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- amino acids-based producte0
- Outcome
- HCELe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 9.99%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of amino acids-based product caused an increase in the ADF (0.28%), NDF (10.27%), ADL (0.63%), and HCEL (9.99%) contents in bean seeds as an effect of double plant treatment with this biostimulant at lower concentration.”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
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