Abstract
In March of 2013, new symptoms were observed in more than seven million nursery-grown sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants in El Ejido, Almería (southern Spain). Symptoms included wilting without yellowing of leaves and stunting of plants. Plant crowns exhibited necrosis that advanced through the main root along with slight root rot. Xylem was not affected above or below the crown. Symptoms were thought to be caused by the well-known pepper pathogen Phytophthora capsici. However, sporodochia of Fusarium oxysporum were observed on plant crowns. Symptomatic seedlings (n = 200) were sampled and analyzed. Tissue from roots and epidermal crowns were plated on PDA, PARP, and Komada media, as well as stem discs on PDA and Komada. No Phytophthora sp. were observed and F. oxyporum was exclusively isolated from all 200 samples, from roots and crowns, but not from xylem. Pathogenicity of 60 of these F. oxysporum isolates was studied by inoculation onto sweet pepper plants (cv. del Piquillo) at the 2-true-leaf stage. Twelve plants per isolate, grown on autoclaved vermiculite, were inoculated by drenching with 20 ml of a conidial suspension (1 × 105 CFU/ml) of each isolate per plant. Each suspension was obtained by blending one PDA petri dish fully covered with one isolate. Non-inoculated plants served as control. Plants were maintained for 30 days in a growth chamber with a 14-h photoperiod (1.6 ×·104 lux) and temperatures at 23 to 26°C. The assay was conducted twice. Symptoms described above were reproduced on crown and roots of the inoculated plants with no symptoms in stem discs. No symptoms were observed on controls after 48 days. Host specificity was tested for 13 isolates to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cv. San Pedro, eggplant (S. melongena) cv. Alegria, cucumber (Cucumis sativus) cv. Marketmore, watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cv. Sugar Baby, and Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris subsp. condensa) cv. Kasumi (4). These plants were inoculated as previously described for pathogenicity tests (12 plants per species, repeated twice). None of the plants exhibited the characteristic symptoms after 60 days. Five isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum and four isolates of F. o. f. sp radicis-lycopersici were also inoculated without any symptoms in any of the inoculated sweet pepper plants. Morphological identity of all isolates corresponded to F. oxysporum. The fungi were identified following the morphological keys and methodology provided by (1) and (2). Three isolates from the 60 tested were selected for molecular identification. Molecular identification was performed by sequencing partial TEF-1α gene (3). Subsequent database searches by BLASTn indicated that the resulting sequence of 659-bp had 100% identity with the corresponding gene sequence of F. oxysporum. The sequences were identical for the three isolates and were deposited on the EMBL Sequence Database (HG916993, HG916994, and HG916995). Results suggest that the pathogenic ability of the isolates varies from a vascular Fusarium wilt. F. oxysporum f. sp. capsici is a reported pathogen to sweet pepper (5), but the symptoms we have found are closer to those manifested by the formae speciales that causes root and crown rot of other plants. Consistent with the convention stablished for similar diseases we propose the name F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-capsici f. sp. nov. References: (1) J. F. Leslie and B. A. Summerell. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell, Ames, IA, 2006. (2) P. E. Nelson et al. Fusarium species. An Ilustrated Manual for Identification. The Penn St. University Press, 1983. (3) K. O'Donnell et al. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 95:2044, 1998.(4) L. M. Oelke and P. W. Bosland. Capsicum Eggplant Newsl. 20:86, 2001. (5) V. C. Rivelli. M.S. Thesis. Dep. Plant Pathol. and Crop Phys. Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, 1989.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
More than seven million nursery-grown sweet pepper plants showed wilting and stunting in El Ejido.
- Taxon
- sweet pepper
Capsicum annuume0 - Outcome
- wilting without yellowing of leaves and stunting of plantse0
- Value
- more than seven millione0
- Setting
- El Ejido, Almería (southern Spain)e0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor role
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“new symptoms were observed in more than seven million nursery-grown sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants in El Ejido, Almería (southern Spain). Symptoms included wilting without yellowing of leaves and stunting of plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Affected sweet pepper crowns had necrosis advancing along the main root and slight root rot, while xylem was unaffected.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Organ / stage
- Plant crownse0
- Outcome
- necrosis that advanced through the main root along with slight root rote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant crowns exhibited necrosis that advanced through the main root along with slight root rot. Xylem was not affected above or below the crown.”
t0“nursery-grown sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
No Phytophthora was observed in sampled symptomatic sweet pepper seedlings.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuume2
- Interactor
- Phytophthora sp.
Phytophthorae0pathogen - Outcome
- No Phytophthora sp. were observede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No Phytophthora sp. were observed”
e1“Symptomatic seedlings (n = 200) were sampled and analyzed.”
e2“sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium oxysporum was isolated from all 200 symptomatic sweet pepper samples from roots and crowns, but not xylem.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuume1
- Organ / stage
- roots and crownse0
- Interactor
- F. oxyporume0pathogen
- Outcome
- F. oxyporum was exclusively isolatede0
- Value
- all 200 samplese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F. oxyporum was exclusively isolated from all 200 samples, from roots and crowns, but not from xylem”
e1“sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated sweet pepper developed crown and root symptoms, whereas non-inoculated controls remained symptom-free.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuume0
- Material
- cv. del Piquilloe0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume0pathogen - Outcome
- Symptoms described above were reproduced on crown and rootse1
- Comparator
- controlse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Pathogenicity of 60 of these F. oxysporum isolates was studied by inoculation onto sweet pepper plants (cv. del Piquillo) at the 2-true-leaf stage.”
e1“Symptoms described above were reproduced on crown and roots of the inoculated plants with no symptoms in stem discs. No symptoms were observed on controls after 48 days.”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated tomato plants did not develop characteristic symptoms after 60 days.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Material
- cv. San Pedroe0
- Treatment
- inoculatede1
- Interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume2pathogen
- Outcome
- None of the plants exhibited the characteristic symptomse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Host specificity was tested for 13 isolates to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cv. San Pedro”
e1“These plants were inoculated as previously described for pathogenicity tests (12 plants per species, repeated twice). None of the plants exhibited the characteristic symptoms after 60 days.”
e2“F. oxysporum isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated eggplant plants did not develop characteristic symptoms after 60 days.
- Taxon
- eggplant
Solanum melongenae0 - Material
- cv. Alegriae0
- Treatment
- inoculatede1
- Interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume2pathogen
- Outcome
- None of the plants exhibited the characteristic symptomse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“eggplant (S. melongena) cv. Alegria”
e1“These plants were inoculated as previously described for pathogenicity tests (12 plants per species, repeated twice). None of the plants exhibited the characteristic symptoms after 60 days.”
e2“F. oxysporum isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated cucumber plants did not develop characteristic symptoms after 60 days.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Material
- cv. Marketmoree0
- Treatment
- inoculatede1
- Interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume2pathogen
- Outcome
- None of the plants exhibited the characteristic symptomse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cucumber (Cucumis sativus) cv. Marketmore”
e1“These plants were inoculated as previously described for pathogenicity tests (12 plants per species, repeated twice). None of the plants exhibited the characteristic symptoms after 60 days.”
e2“F. oxysporum isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated watermelon plants did not develop characteristic symptoms after 60 days.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatuse0 - Material
- cv. Sugar Babye0
- Treatment
- inoculatede1
- Interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume2pathogen
- Outcome
- None of the plants exhibited the characteristic symptomse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cv. Sugar Baby”
e1“These plants were inoculated as previously described for pathogenicity tests (12 plants per species, repeated twice). None of the plants exhibited the characteristic symptoms after 60 days.”
e2“F. oxysporum isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated Chinese cabbage plants did not develop characteristic symptoms after 60 days.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbage
Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensise0 - Material
- cv. Kasumie0
- Treatment
- inoculatede1
- Interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume2pathogen
- Outcome
- None of the plants exhibited the characteristic symptomse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris subsp. condensa) cv. Kasumi”
e1“These plants were inoculated as previously described for pathogenicity tests (12 plants per species, repeated twice). None of the plants exhibited the characteristic symptoms after 60 days.”
e2“F. oxysporum isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum inoculation produced no symptoms in sweet pepper.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- inoculatede1
- Interactor
- F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinume0pathogen - Outcome
- without any symptomse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Five isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum”
e1“were also inoculated without any symptoms in any of the inoculated sweet pepper plants”
Claim · model-written summary
F. o. f. sp radicis-lycopersici inoculation produced no symptoms in sweet pepper.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- inoculatede1
- Interactor
- F. o. f. sp radicis-lycopersicie0pathogen
- Outcome
- without any symptomse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“four isolates of F. o. f. sp radicis-lycopersici”
e1“were also inoculated without any symptoms in any of the inoculated sweet pepper plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The isolates were morphologically identified as F. oxysporum.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuume1
- Interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume0pathogen
- Outcome
- Morphological identity of all isolates corresponded to F. oxysporume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Morphological identity of all isolates corresponded to F. oxysporum.”
e1“inoculated sweet pepper plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The three sequenced isolates had identical TEF-1α sequences with 100% identity to F. oxysporum.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuume1
- Interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume0pathogen
- Outcome
- 100% identity with the corresponding gene sequence of F. oxysporume0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedGene
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the resulting sequence of 659-bp had 100% identity with the corresponding gene sequence of F. oxysporum. The sequences were identical for the three isolates”
e1“inoculated sweet pepper plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret the sweet pepper isolates as causing a root and crown rot distinct from vascular Fusarium wilt.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuume2
- Outcome
- root and crown rote1
- Comparator
- a vascular Fusarium wilte0
Not reportedInteractor
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results suggest that the pathogenic ability of the isolates varies from a vascular Fusarium wilt.”
e1“the symptoms we have found are closer to those manifested by the formae speciales that causes root and crown rot of other plants.”
e2“inoculated sweet pepper plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose the name F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-capsici for the sweet pepper crown and root rot pathogen.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuume1
- Interactor
- F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-capsiciFusarium oxysporume0pathogen
- Outcome
- F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-capsici f. sp. nov.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we propose the name F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-capsici f. sp. nov.”
e1“inoculated sweet pepper plants”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · Fusarium oxysporum · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
inoculation · Fusarium oxysporum · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →inoculation · disease · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →inoculation · Fusarium oxysporum · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
21 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
22 papers more in this group
See all 26 papers →inoculation · Fusarium oxysporum · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
inoculation · Fusarium oxysporum · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.