Abstract
Experiments were carried out in two field conditions (induced drought and flood stress) to analyse the effect of fly ash on certain major pests of rice viz., Brown plant hopper, Green leaf hopper, stem borer. The population of these insects were assessed at regular intervals on plants imposed with treatments including fly ash, Silicate Solubilizing Bacteria (SSB), Farm yard manure (FYM), and graded levels of soil test based potassium. The results revealed that the combination of Fly ash, SSB, FYM, with graded level of soil test based potassium significantly reduced the incidence of Brown plant hopper, Green leaf hopper and stem borer as compared to untreated plots. The silicon content was analysed in the leaf blade and leaf sheath cum stem and it was negatively correlated with the insect population. As the age of the plant increased, silicon content proportionately increased in the plants at different growth stages. The main cause for the death of insects due to fly ash application was wearing of mandibles and main feeding organs of insects which resulted in functionless mandibles so that the insects of paddy die without food. Further, the incidence of major insects was negatively correlated with yield. Application of fly ash as a source of silica and potassium with SSB, FYM with STBK reduced the incidence of Brown plant hopper, Green leaf hopper, Stem borer and increased the yield in rice.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Combined fly ash, SSB, FYM and potassium reduced brown plant hopper incidence.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Fly ash, SSB, FYM, with graded level of soil test based potassiume0
- Interactor
- Brown plant hopper
Nilaparvata lugense0pest - Outcome
- incidence of Brown plant hoppere0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- untreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination of Fly ash, SSB, FYM, with graded level of soil test based potassium significantly reduced the incidence of Brown plant hopper, Green leaf hopper and stem borer as compared to untreated plots”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined amendments reduced green leaf hopper incidence.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Fly ash, SSB, FYM, with graded level of soil test based potassiume0
- Interactor
- Green leaf hoppere0pest
- Outcome
- incidence of Brown plant hopper, Green leaf hopper and stem borere0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- untreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination of Fly ash, SSB, FYM, with graded level of soil test based potassium significantly reduced the incidence of Brown plant hopper, Green leaf hopper and stem borer as compared to untreated plots”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined amendments reduced stem borer incidence.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Fly ash, SSB, FYM, with graded level of soil test based potassiume0
- Interactor
- stem borere0pest
- Outcome
- incidence of Brown plant hopper, Green leaf hopper and stem borere0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- untreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination of Fly ash, SSB, FYM, with graded level of soil test based potassium significantly reduced the incidence of Brown plant hopper, Green leaf hopper and stem borer as compared to untreated plots”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice silicon content was negatively correlated with insect population.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leaf blade and leaf sheath cum steme0
- Interactor
- insecte0pest
- Outcome
- silicon contente0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The silicon content was analysed in the leaf blade and leaf sheath cum stem and it was negatively correlated with the insect population”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice silicon content increased with plant age.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- different growth stagese0
- Outcome
- silicon contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As the age of the plant increased, silicon content proportionately increased in the plants at different growth stages”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Fly ash caused insect feeding organs to wear, which the authors attributed to insect deaths.
Verbatim
e0“The main cause for the death of insects due to fly ash application was wearing of mandibles and main feeding organs of insects which resulted in functionless mandibles so that the insects of paddy die without food”
Claim · model-written summary
Major insect incidence was negatively correlated with rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the incidence of major insects was negatively correlated with yield”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined amendment treatment increased rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- fly ash as a source of silica and potassium with SSB, FYM with STBKe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of fly ash as a source of silica and potassium with SSB, FYM with STBK reduced the incidence of Brown plant hopper, Green leaf hopper, Stem borer and increased the yield in rice”
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See all 158 papers →8 of 13 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.