Abstract
The resistant sources used in this study were IR 36, IR 64, TKM 6, MDU 3 and ADT 36. FYM, biofertilizers (Azospririllum + phosphobacterium + silicate solubilizing bacteria (SSB), neem cake and lignite fly ash were used as organic nutrient source. In addition, laboratory study was conducted to study the mechanism of resistance in terms of population build up, growth and development and feeding activity. The results of the field trial indicated that the hopper population was consistently reduced due to combined effect of IR 64 and FYM, Azospirillum, phosphobacterium, SSB, lignite flyash and neem cake. Significantly prolonged nymphal duration, lower nymphal survival, lower growth index, lower adult emergence and longevity of hoppers were noticed in the treatment with the varieties IR 64 and IR 36 treated with FYM. Azospirillum, phosphobacterium, SSB, lignite flyash and neem cake than in the susceptible check T(N)I. The area of honeydew spot and correspondingly the weight of honeydew were significantly less in the varieties IR 36 and IR 64 treated with organic nutrients. In addition number of feeding probes was higher in the above said promising treatments.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
The combined IR 64 and organic nutrient treatment reduced hopper population.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- IR 64e0
- Treatment
- FYM, Azospirillum, phosphobacterium, SSB, lignite flyash and neem cakee0
- Interactor
- brown plant hopper
Nilaparvata lugenst1pest - Outcome
- hopper populatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“the hopper population was consistently reduced due to combined effect of IR 64 and FYM, Azospirillum, phosphobacterium, SSB, lignite flyash and neem cake”
t1“brown plant hopper”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM and organic nutrients on IR 64 and IR 36 prolonged hopper nymphal duration relative to the susceptible check.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- IR 64 and IR 36e0
- Treatment
- FYM. Azospirillum, phosphobacterium, SSB, lignite flyash and neem cakee0
- Interactor
- brown plant hopperNilaparvata lugenst1pest
- Outcome
- nymphal duratione0
- Direction
- prolongede0
- Comparator
- susceptible check T(N)Ie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
t1“brown plant hopper”
e0“Significantly prolonged nymphal duration, lower nymphal survival, lower growth index, lower adult emergence and longevity of hoppers were noticed in the treatment with the varieties IR 64 and IR 36 treated with FYM. Azospirillum, phosphobacterium, SSB, lignite flyash and neem cake than in the susceptible check T(N)I.”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment lowered hopper nymphal survival, growth index, adult emergence and longevity relative to the susceptible check.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- IR 64 and IR 36e0
- Treatment
- FYM. Azospirillum, phosphobacterium, SSB, lignite flyash and neem cakee0
- Interactor
- brown plant hopperNilaparvata lugenst1pest
- Outcome
- nymphal survival, lower growth index, lower adult emergence and longevity of hopperse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- susceptible check T(N)Ie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
t1“brown plant hopper”
e0“lower nymphal survival, lower growth index, lower adult emergence and longevity of hoppers were noticed in the treatment with the varieties IR 64 and IR 36 treated with FYM. Azospirillum, phosphobacterium, SSB, lignite flyash and neem cake than in the susceptible check T(N)I.”
Claim · model-written summary
Honeydew spot area and honeydew weight were lower with IR 36 and IR 64 plus organic nutrients.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- IR 36 and IR 64e0
- Treatment
- organic nutrientse0
- Interactor
- brown plant hopperNilaparvata lugenst1pest
- Outcome
- area of honeydew spot and correspondingly the weight of honeydewe0
- Direction
- lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
t1“brown plant hopper”
e0“The area of honeydew spot and correspondingly the weight of honeydew were significantly less in the varieties IR 36 and IR 64 treated with organic nutrients.”
Claim · model-written summary
The promising treatments increased hopper feeding probes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- brown plant hopperNilaparvata lugenst1pest
- Outcome
- number of feeding probese0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
t1“brown plant hopper”
e0“number of feeding probes was higher in the above said promising treatments.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.