Abstract
This study examined the effect of foliar zinc (Zn) application on grain yield, Zn and phytate concentrations and its impact on the phytate:Zn molar ratio, an indicator for Zn bioavailability in human digestive tracts, in unpolished and polished rice between two rice cultivars across two cropping years. The modern improved rice cultivar CNT1 and the traditional improved cultivar KDK were foliar applied with five rates of ZnSO4 in two cropping years. In 2016, 0.3% ZnSO4 increased the Zn concentration of unpolished rice in KDK by 21% over the nil Zn, while the effect was not found in CNT1. In polished rice, 0.2–0.4% ZnSO4 increased the Zn concentration by 11.2–20.0% in CNT1 and by 8.3–24.1% in KDK, and decreased the phytate concentration by 5.2–16.9% in KDK but not in CNT1. In 2017, 0.4% ZnSO4 increased the Zn concentration by 18.2–26.2% and 32.4–42.6% in unpolished and polished rice, respectively, in both cultivars. Application of 0.4% ZnSO4 decreased the phytate:Zn molar ratio in polished rice from 29.7 to 18.3 and from 26.4 to 17.9 in CNT1 and KDK, respectively in 2016, and from 15.7 to 12.6 in KDK in 2017. Foliar Zn application decreased the phytate:Zn molar ratio in unpolished rice from 27.9 to 22.7 and from 21.9 to 17.2 in CNT1 and KDK, respectively in 2017, but had no effect in 2016. Thus, foliar Zn application can improve grain Zn concentration and decrease the phytate:Zn molar ratio in both unpolished and polished rice but the response can vary with cropping year and cultivar.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
In 2016, 0.3% ZnSO4 increased unpolished grain Zn in KDK by 21% over nil Zn.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- KDKe0
- Treatment
- 0.3% ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- Zn concentration of unpolished ricee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 21%e0
- Qualifier
- 2016e0
- Comparator
- nil Zne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2016, 0.3% ZnSO4 increased the Zn concentration of unpolished rice in KDK by 21% over the nil Zn, while the effect was not found in CNT1.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The same effect was not found in CNT1 in 2016.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- CNT1e0
- Treatment
- 0.3% ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- Zn concentration of unpolished ricee0
- Qualifier
- 2016e0
- Comparator
- nil Zne0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2016, 0.3% ZnSO4 increased the Zn concentration of unpolished rice in KDK by 21% over the nil Zn, while the effect was not found in CNT1.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar ZnSO4 increased polished rice Zn in CNT1 by 11.2–20.0%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- CNT1e0
- Treatment
- 0.2–0.4% ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- Zn concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11.2–20.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In polished rice, 0.2–0.4% ZnSO4 increased the Zn concentration by 11.2–20.0% in CNT1 and by 8.3–24.1% in KDK, and decreased the phytate concentration by 5.2–16.9% in KDK but not in CNT1.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar ZnSO4 increased polished rice Zn in KDK by 8.3–24.1%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- KDKe0
- Treatment
- 0.2–0.4% ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- Zn concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 8.3–24.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In polished rice, 0.2–0.4% ZnSO4 increased the Zn concentration by 11.2–20.0% in CNT1 and by 8.3–24.1% in KDK, and decreased the phytate concentration by 5.2–16.9% in KDK but not in CNT1.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar ZnSO4 reduced polished rice phytate in KDK by 5.2–16.9%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- KDKe0
- Treatment
- 0.2–0.4% ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- phytate concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 5.2–16.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In polished rice, 0.2–0.4% ZnSO4 increased the Zn concentration by 11.2–20.0% in CNT1 and by 8.3–24.1% in KDK, and decreased the phytate concentration by 5.2–16.9% in KDK but not in CNT1.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar ZnSO4 did not reduce polished rice phytate in CNT1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- CNT1e0
- Treatment
- 0.2–0.4% ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- phytate concentratione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In polished rice, 0.2–0.4% ZnSO4 increased the Zn concentration by 11.2–20.0% in CNT1 and by 8.3–24.1% in KDK, and decreased the phytate concentration by 5.2–16.9% in KDK but not in CNT1.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2017, 0.4% ZnSO4 increased unpolished rice Zn by 18.2–26.2% in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- both cultivarse0
- Treatment
- 0.4% ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- Zn concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 18.2–26.2%e0
- Qualifier
- 2017e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2017, 0.4% ZnSO4 increased the Zn concentration by 18.2–26.2% and 32.4–42.6% in unpolished and polished rice, respectively, in both cultivars.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2017, 0.4% ZnSO4 increased polished rice Zn by 32.4–42.6% in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- both cultivarse0
- Treatment
- 0.4% ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- Zn concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 32.4–42.6%e0
- Qualifier
- 2017e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2017, 0.4% ZnSO4 increased the Zn concentration by 18.2–26.2% and 32.4–42.6% in unpolished and polished rice, respectively, in both cultivars.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSO4 decreased polished rice phytate:Zn ratio in CNT1 from 29.7 to 18.3 in 2016.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- CNT1e0
- Treatment
- 0.4% ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- phytate:Zn molar ratioe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 29.7 to 18.3e0
- Qualifier
- 2016e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 0.4% ZnSO4 decreased the phytate:Zn molar ratio in polished rice from 29.7 to 18.3 and from 26.4 to 17.9 in CNT1 and KDK, respectively in 2016, and from 15.7 to 12.6 in KDK in 2017.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSO4 decreased polished rice phytate:Zn ratio in KDK from 26.4 to 17.9 in 2016.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- KDKe0
- Treatment
- 0.4% ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- phytate:Zn molar ratioe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 26.4 to 17.9e0
- Qualifier
- 2016e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 0.4% ZnSO4 decreased the phytate:Zn molar ratio in polished rice from 29.7 to 18.3 and from 26.4 to 17.9 in CNT1 and KDK, respectively in 2016, and from 15.7 to 12.6 in KDK in 2017.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSO4 decreased polished rice phytate:Zn ratio in KDK from 15.7 to 12.6 in 2017.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- KDKe0
- Treatment
- 0.4% ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- phytate:Zn molar ratioe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 15.7 to 12.6e0
- Qualifier
- 2017e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 0.4% ZnSO4 decreased the phytate:Zn molar ratio in polished rice from 29.7 to 18.3 and from 26.4 to 17.9 in CNT1 and KDK, respectively in 2016, and from 15.7 to 12.6 in KDK in 2017.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Zn decreased unpolished rice phytate:Zn ratio in CNT1 from 27.9 to 22.7 in 2017.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- CNT1e0
- Treatment
- Foliar Zn applicatione0
- Outcome
- phytate:Zn molar ratioe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 27.9 to 22.7e0
- Qualifier
- 2017e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar Zn application decreased the phytate:Zn molar ratio in unpolished rice from 27.9 to 22.7 and from 21.9 to 17.2 in CNT1 and KDK, respectively in 2017, but had no effect in 2016.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Zn decreased unpolished rice phytate:Zn ratio in KDK from 21.9 to 17.2 in 2017.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- KDKe0
- Treatment
- Foliar Zn applicatione0
- Outcome
- phytate:Zn molar ratioe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 21.9 to 17.2e0
- Qualifier
- 2017e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar Zn application decreased the phytate:Zn molar ratio in unpolished rice from 27.9 to 22.7 and from 21.9 to 17.2 in CNT1 and KDK, respectively in 2017, but had no effect in 2016.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Zn had no effect on unpolished rice phytate:Zn ratio in 2016.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- CNT1 and KDKe0
- Treatment
- Foliar Zn applicatione0
- Outcome
- phytate:Zn molar ratioe0
- Qualifier
- 2016e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar Zn application decreased the phytate:Zn molar ratio in unpolished rice from 27.9 to 22.7 and from 21.9 to 17.2 in CNT1 and KDK, respectively in 2017, but had no effect in 2016.”
t0“rice”
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