Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at Kimberley Research Station near Kununurra, Western Australia to study the effects of urea and ammonium sulphate fertilizers, previous cropping history and method of sowing on the incidence of a long-standing disorder in rice on the calcareous soils of the Ord Irrigation Area, and to determine whether the disorder could be ameliorated by means of zinc and iron fertilizers. Symptoms of the disorder resembling those of zinc deficiency appeared within four weeks after seedling emergence in plots not treated with zinc. The mean concentration of zinc in the tops of affected plants sampled at 2, 7 and 11 weeks was 18 p.p.m. The combination of fallow land, urea and water-sowing resulted in the most severe symptoms. Where 20 kg Zn ha-1 was applied as zinc sulphate, the zinc concentration in the plant tops averaged 66 p.p.m. over the three sampling dates, and zinc deficiency symptoms did not develop. Other symptoms resembling those of iron deficiency also occurred, especially when the level of applied zinc was 20 kg ha-1. The application of both zinc sulphate and ferrous sulphate fertilizers resulted in a significant increase in the grain yield of IR665-24-1 rice. Overall there was no response to zinc sulphate above the level of 10 kg zinc ha-1. The curve of best fit for the overall response to ferrous sulphate was parabolic with a maximum near 240 kg ha-1 ferrous sulphate. The mean yield from plots that received three foliar sprays of 0.1 per cent ferrous sulphate was not significantly different from that of plots fertilized with 200 kg ha-1 ferrous sulphate. There was no significant interaction between zinc and iron.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated rice developed zinc deficiency like symptoms within four weeks.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Outcome
- Symptoms of the disorder resembling those of zinc deficiencye0
- Qualifier
- within four weeks after seedling emergencee0
- Comparator
- plots not treated with zince0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Symptoms of the disorder resembling those of zinc deficiency appeared within four weeks after seedling emergence in plots not treated with zinc”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Affected rice tops averaged 18 p.p.m. zinc.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- topse0
- Outcome
- concentration of zince0
- Value
- 18 p.p.m.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mean concentration of zinc in the tops of affected plants sampled at 2, 7 and 11 weeks was 18 p.p.m.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Fallow land, urea and water sowing produced the most severe rice disorder symptoms.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- fallow land, urea and water-sowinge0
- Outcome
- symptomse0
- Direction
- most severee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of fallow land, urea and water-sowing resulted in the most severe symptoms”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc sulphate at 20 kg Zn ha-1 raised zinc concentration in rice tops to 66 p.p.m.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 20 kg Zn ha-1 was applied as zinc sulphatee0
- Outcome
- zinc concentration in the plant topse0
- Value
- 66 p.p.m.e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Where 20 kg Zn ha-1 was applied as zinc sulphate, the zinc concentration in the plant tops averaged 66 p.p.m. over the three sampling dates”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc deficiency symptoms did not develop after zinc sulphate application.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 20 kg Zn ha-1 was applied as zinc sulphatee0
- Outcome
- zinc deficiency symptoms did not develope0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Where 20 kg Zn ha-1 was applied as zinc sulphate, the zinc concentration in the plant tops averaged 66 p.p.m. over the three sampling dates, and zinc deficiency symptoms did not develop”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron deficiency like symptoms occurred especially at 20 kg ha-1 applied zinc.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- applied zinc was 20 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- symptoms resembling those of iron deficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Other symptoms resembling those of iron deficiency also occurred, especially when the level of applied zinc was 20 kg ha-1”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined zinc and iron sulphate significantly increased IR665-24-1 rice grain yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- IR665-24-1e0
- Treatment
- both zinc sulphate and ferrous sulphate fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of both zinc sulphate and ferrous sulphate fertilizers resulted in a significant increase in the grain yield of IR665-24-1 rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice did not respond to zinc sulphate above 10 kg zinc ha-1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- zinc sulphate above the level of 10 kg zinc ha-1e0
- Outcome
- response to zinc sulphatee0
- Direction
- no responsee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall there was no response to zinc sulphate above the level of 10 kg zinc ha-1”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The fitted rice response to ferrous sulphate was parabolic with a maximum near 240 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ferrous sulphatee0
- Outcome
- overall responsee0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- near 240 kg ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The curve of best fit for the overall response to ferrous sulphate was parabolic with a maximum near 240 kg ha-1 ferrous sulphate”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice yield with three foliar sprays of 0.1% ferrous sulphate did not significantly differ from yield with 200 kg ha-1 ferrous sulphate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- three foliar sprays of 0.1 per cent ferrous sulphatee0
- Outcome
- mean yielde0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
- Comparator
- plots fertilized with 200 kg ha-1 ferrous sulphatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mean yield from plots that received three foliar sprays of 0.1 per cent ferrous sulphate was not significantly different from that of plots fertilized with 200 kg ha-1 ferrous sulphate”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
There was no significant interaction between zinc and iron treatments.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- zinc and irone0
- Outcome
- interactione0
- Direction
- no significante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant interaction between zinc and iron”
t0“rice”
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