Abstract
Background Soil incorporation of cereal straw to avoid burning and air pollution may influence the availability of Zn, a critical micronutrient in cereal production. Field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of zinc sulphate application and the cyclic incorporation of cereal straw on the yields, tissue concentration and uptake of Zn by rice and wheat crops and availability of Zn in soil. Results Application of 25 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 to I year rice crop increased the grain yields of rice by 24.3 and 56.3 % over control during I and II year, respectively. Application of 25 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 to I year rice crop + cyclic incorporation of 1.5 t straw ha−1 increased the grain yields of rice by 21.4 and 87.4 % over control during I and II year, respectively. In I year, the grain yield of wheat crop was not significantly influenced by the different treatments while in II year the highest wheat grain yield was recorded with 25 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 to I year rice crop + cyclic incorporation of 6.0 t cereal straw ha−1. Application of 25 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 to I year rice + cyclic incorporation of 1.5 t straw ha−1 resulted in a significant increase in the concentration of Zn in the plant tissues of both rice and wheat crops. The cyclic incorporation of 1.5–3.0 t cereal straw ha−1 maintained better availability of ZnSO4 applied to I year rice crop to the subsequently grown crops. Conclusion Soil application of 25 kg ZnSO4 along with incorporation of 1.5 t cereal straw ha−1 prior to I year rice transplanting followed by cyclic incorporation of cereal straw in subsequent crops ensures higher availability of Zn in soil and higher yields in rice–wheat rotation.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 25 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 to first-year rice increased rice grain yield by 24.3% over control in year I.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- 25 kg ZnSO4 ha−1e0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 24.3e0
- Qualifier
- I yeare0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 25 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 to I year rice crop increased the grain yields of rice by 24.3 and 56.3 % over control during I and II year, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 25 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 to first-year rice increased rice grain yield by 56.3% over control in year II.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 25 kg ZnSO4 ha−1e0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 56.3 %e0
- Qualifier
- II yeare0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 25 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 to I year rice crop increased the grain yields of rice by 24.3 and 56.3 % over control during I and II year, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc sulphate plus cyclic incorporation of 1.5 t straw ha−1 increased rice grain yield by 21.4% over control in year I.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 25 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 to I year rice crop + cyclic incorporation of 1.5 t straw ha−1e0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 21.4e0
- Qualifier
- I yeare0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 25 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 to I year rice crop + cyclic incorporation of 1.5 t straw ha−1 increased the grain yields of rice by 21.4 and 87.4 % over control during I and II year, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc sulphate plus cyclic incorporation of 1.5 t straw ha−1 increased rice grain yield by 87.4% over control in year II.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 25 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 to I year rice crop + cyclic incorporation of 1.5 t straw ha−1e0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 87.4 %e0
- Qualifier
- II yeare0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 25 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 to I year rice crop + cyclic incorporation of 1.5 t straw ha−1 increased the grain yields of rice by 21.4 and 87.4 % over control during I and II year, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Different treatments did not significantly influence wheat grain yield in year I.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- different treatmentse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- not significantly influencede0
- Qualifier
- I yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In I year, the grain yield of wheat crop was not significantly influenced by the different treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest wheat grain yield in year II occurred with zinc sulphate on first-year rice plus cyclic incorporation of 6.0 t straw ha−1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 25 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 to I year rice crop + cyclic incorporation of 6.0 t cereal straw ha−1e0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- II yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in II year the highest wheat grain yield was recorded with 25 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 to I year rice crop + cyclic incorporation of 6.0 t cereal straw ha−1.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc sulphate plus 1.5 t straw ha−1 significantly increased zinc concentration in rice tissues.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- plant tissuese0
- Treatment
- 25 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 to I year rice + cyclic incorporation of 1.5 t straw ha−1e0
- Outcome
- concentration of Zne0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 25 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 to I year rice + cyclic incorporation of 1.5 t straw ha−1 resulted in a significant increase in the concentration of Zn in the plant tissues of both rice and wheat crops.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc sulphate plus 1.5 t straw ha−1 significantly increased zinc concentration in wheat tissues.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- plant tissuese0
- Treatment
- 25 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 to I year rice + cyclic incorporation of 1.5 t straw ha−1e0
- Outcome
- concentration of Zne0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 25 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 to I year rice + cyclic incorporation of 1.5 t straw ha−1 resulted in a significant increase in the concentration of Zn in the plant tissues of both rice and wheat crops.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyclic incorporation of 1.5–3.0 t cereal straw ha−1 maintained better availability of zinc sulphate applied to first-year rice for subsequent crops.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- cyclic incorporation of 1.5–3.0 t cereal straw ha−1e0
- Outcome
- availability of ZnSO4e0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- subsequently grown cropse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cyclic incorporation of 1.5–3.0 t cereal straw ha−1 maintained better availability of ZnSO4 applied to I year rice crop to the subsequently grown crops.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that applying zinc sulphate and straw before rice transplanting, followed by cyclic straw incorporation, ensures higher soil zinc availability and rice–wheat yields.
- Taxon
- rice–wheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Soil application of 25 kg ZnSO4 along with incorporation of 1.5 t cereal straw ha−1e0
- Outcome
- higher availability of Zn in soil and higher yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil application of 25 kg ZnSO4 along with incorporation of 1.5 t cereal straw ha−1 prior to I year rice transplanting followed by cyclic incorporation of cereal straw in subsequent crops ensures higher availability of Zn in soil and higher yields in rice–wheat rotation.”
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