Abstract
) under drought stress to explore the photosynthetic responses of pod walls after 5, 10, 15, and 20 days of pollination (DAP5, DAP10, DAP15, and DAP20) based on ultrastructural, physiological and proteomic analyses. Stomata were evidently observed on the outer epidermis of the pod wall. Chloroplasts had intact structures arranged alongside the cell wall, which on DAP5 were already capable of producing photosynthate. The pod wall at the late stage (DAP20) still had photosynthetic ability under well-watered (WW) treatments, while under water-stress (WS), the structure of the chloroplast membrane was damaged and the grana lamella of thylakoids were blurry. The chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b concentrations both decreased with the development of pod walls, and drought stress impeded the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments. Although the activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCo) decreased in the pod wall under drought stress, the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) increased higher than that of RuBisCo. The proteomic analysis showed that the absorption of light is limited due to the suppression of the synthesis of chlorophyll a/b binding proteins by drought stress. Moreover, proteins involved in photosystem I and photosystem II were downregulated under WW compared with WS. Although the expression of some proteins participating in the regeneration period of RuBisCo was suppressed in the pod wall subjected to drought stress, the synthesis of PEPC was induced. In addition, some proteins, which were involved in the reduction period of RuBisCo, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy metabolism, and related to resistance, including chitinase, heat shock protein 81-2 (Hsp81-2), and lipoxygenases (LOXs), were highly expressed for the protective response to drought stress. It could be suggested that the pod wall in alfalfa is capable of operating photosynthesis and reducing the photosynthetic loss from drought stress through the promotion of the C4 pathway, ATP synthesis, and resistance ability.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Stomata were observed on the outer epidermis of the alfalfa pod wall.
- Taxon
- Alfalfa
Medicago sativat0 - Organ / stage
- outer epidermis of the pod walle0
- Outcome
- Stomatae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pod Walls in Alfalfa”
e0“Stomata were evidently observed on the outer epidermis of the pod wall”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloroplasts in the alfalfa pod wall had intact structures and on DAP5 were already capable of producing photosynthate.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- Chloroplastse0
- Outcome
- intact structurese0
- Qualifier
- capable of producing photosynthatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pod Walls in Alfalfa”
e0“Chloroplasts had intact structures arranged alongside the cell wall, which on DAP5 were already capable of producing photosynthate”
Claim · model-written summary
The alfalfa pod wall at the late stage (DAP20) still had photosynthetic ability under well-watered treatments.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- late stage (DAP20)e0
- Treatment
- well-watered (WW) treatmentse0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic abilitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pod Walls in Alfalfa”
e0“The pod wall at the late stage (DAP20) still had photosynthetic ability under well-watered (WW) treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Under water-stress, the structure of the alfalfa pod wall chloroplast membrane was damaged and the grana lamella of thylakoids were blurry.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- water-stress (WS)e0
- Outcome
- the structure of the chloroplast membranee0
- Qualifier
- grana lamella of thylakoids were blurrye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pod Walls in Alfalfa”
e0“under water-stress (WS), the structure of the chloroplast membrane was damaged and the grana lamella of thylakoids were blurry”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b concentrations of alfalfa pod walls decreased with pod wall development.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- pod wallse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b concentrationse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pod Walls in Alfalfa”
e0“The chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b concentrations both decreased with the development of pod walls”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress impeded the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments in alfalfa pod walls.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- synthesis of photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- impedede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pod Walls in Alfalfa”
e0“drought stress impeded the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought stress the activity of RuBisCo decreased in the alfalfa pod wall.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- pod walle0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Gene
- ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCo)e0
- Outcome
- activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCo)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pod Walls in Alfalfa”
e0“Although the activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCo) decreased in the pod wall under drought stress, the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) increased higher than that of RuBisCo”
Claim · model-written summary
The activity of PEPC increased higher than that of RuBisCo in alfalfa pod walls.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Gene
- phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC)e0
- Outcome
- activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC)e0
- Direction
- increased highere0
- Comparator
- RuBisCoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pod Walls in Alfalfa”
e0“Although the activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCo) decreased in the pod wall under drought stress, the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) increased higher than that of RuBisCo”
Claim · model-written summary
Proteomic analysis indicates that light absorption in alfalfa pod walls is limited due to drought-suppressed synthesis of chlorophyll a/b binding proteins.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- absorption of light is limitede0
- Qualifier
- due to the suppression of the synthesis of chlorophyll a/b binding proteins by drought stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pod Walls in Alfalfa”
e0“The proteomic analysis showed that the absorption of light is limited due to the suppression of the synthesis of chlorophyll a/b binding proteins by drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress suppressed the synthesis of chlorophyll a/b binding proteins in alfalfa pod walls.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Gene
- chlorophyll a/b binding proteinse0
- Outcome
- the synthesis of chlorophyll a/b binding proteinse0
- Direction
- suppressione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pod Walls in Alfalfa”
e0“The proteomic analysis showed that the absorption of light is limited due to the suppression of the synthesis of chlorophyll a/b binding proteins by drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Proteins involved in photosystem I and photosystem II were downregulated in alfalfa pod walls under well-watered compared with water-stress treatment.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- WWe0
- Outcome
- proteins involved in photosystem I and photosystem IIe0
- Direction
- downregulatede0
- Comparator
- WSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pod Walls in Alfalfa”
e0“proteins involved in photosystem I and photosystem II were downregulated under WW compared with WS”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress suppressed the expression of some proteins participating in the regeneration period of RuBisCo in alfalfa pod walls.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- the expression of some proteins participating in the regeneration period of RuBisCoe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pod Walls in Alfalfa”
e0“Although the expression of some proteins participating in the regeneration period of RuBisCo was suppressed in the pod wall subjected to drought stress, the synthesis of PEPC was induced”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress induced the synthesis of PEPC in alfalfa pod walls.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Gene
- PEPCe0
- Outcome
- the synthesis of PEPCe0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pod Walls in Alfalfa”
e0“Although the expression of some proteins participating in the regeneration period of RuBisCo was suppressed in the pod wall subjected to drought stress, the synthesis of PEPC was induced”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitinase, Hsp81-2 and lipoxygenases were highly expressed in alfalfa pod walls under drought stress.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Gene
- chitinase, heat shock protein 81-2 (Hsp81-2), and lipoxygenases (LOXs)e0
- Outcome
- proteinse0
- Direction
- highly expressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pod Walls in Alfalfa”
e0“some proteins, which were involved in the reduction period of RuBisCo, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy metabolism, and related to resistance, including chitinase, heat shock protein 81-2 (Hsp81-2), and lipoxygenases (LOXs), were highly expressed for the protective response to drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Proteins involved in the reduction period of RuBisCo, carbohydrate metabolism and energy metabolism were highly expressed in alfalfa pod walls under drought stress.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- some proteins, which were involved in the reduction period of RuBisCo, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy metabolisme0
- Direction
- highly expressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pod Walls in Alfalfa”
e0“some proteins, which were involved in the reduction period of RuBisCo, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy metabolism, and related to resistance, including chitinase, heat shock protein 81-2 (Hsp81-2), and lipoxygenases (LOXs), were highly expressed for the protective response to drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The alfalfa pod wall is suggested to reduce photosynthetic loss from drought stress through promotion of the C4 pathway, ATP synthesis and resistance ability.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- reducing the photosynthetic loss from drought stresse0
- Qualifier
- through the promotion of the C4 pathway, ATP synthesis, and resistance abilitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pod Walls in Alfalfa”
e0“It could be suggested that the pod wall in alfalfa is capable of operating photosynthesis and reducing the photosynthetic loss from drought stress through the promotion of the C4 pathway, ATP synthesis, and resistance ability”
The same questions in other papers
drought · physiology: photosynthesis · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →drought · molecular: expression · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →drought · molecular: metabolites · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →drought · soil: physics · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →drought · physiology: pigments · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
9 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.