Abstract
The apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is one of the most widely cultivated temperate fruits globally, gaining scientific interest as a rich source of antioxidants with a demonstrated beneficial human health impact. Since a growing number of consumers are increasingly seeking safe and healthy food options, alternative fruit production systems such as organic farming, and their potential to provide safe and nutritious foods, have been gaining increasing attention in the last decades. The aim of the presented study was, therefore, to analyse and to compare the concentrations of selected health-promoting antioxidants, such as phenolic acids, flavonols, and vitamin C, in fruits of three apple cultivars (Champion, Gala, and Idared) grown in conventional and certified organic orchards in Poland. All analyses were performed using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Organic apples tested within the study, compared to the conventionally grown ones, were characterised by significantly higher concentrations of phenolic acids (av. >31%) and flavonols (av. >66%) with the identified differences being consistent in all three cultivars and two seasons. The greatest production system effect was observed in the case of Idared. Significant cultivar and production season effects on the concentration of the measured fruit phenolics, with strong interactions between the two factors, were also identified. Vitamin C content in the fruits was strongly dependent on the year-to-year differences in the fruit growing conditions. The study suggests that the organic production system has a potential to provide apple fruits rich in selected health-promoting phenolic antioxidants.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Organic apples had significantly higher phenolic acids than conventional apples.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticae0 - Treatment
- Organice0
- Outcome
- concentrations of phenolic acidse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- >31%e0
- Comparator
- conventionally grown onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Organic apples tested within the study, compared to the conventionally grown ones, were characterised by significantly higher concentrations of phenolic acids (av. >31%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic apples had significantly higher flavonols than conventional apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Organice0
- Outcome
- flavonolse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- >66%e0
- Comparator
- conventionally grown onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Organic apples tested within the study, compared to the conventionally grown ones, were characterised by significantly higher concentrations of phenolic acids (av. >31%) and flavonols (av. >66%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The organic-system effect was greatest for Idared.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Idarede0
- Outcome
- production system effecte0
- Direction
- greateste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest production system effect was observed in the case of Idared.”
t0“Apple Fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar significantly affected fruit phenolics.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- cultivare0
- Outcome
- concentration of the measured fruit phenolicse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant cultivar and production season effects on the concentration of the measured fruit phenolics, with strong interactions between the two factors, were also identified.”
t0“Apple Fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Production season significantly affected fruit phenolics.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- concentration of the measured fruit phenolicse0
- Setting
- production seasone0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant cultivar and production season effects on the concentration of the measured fruit phenolics, with strong interactions between the two factors, were also identified.”
t0“Apple Fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar and season strongly interacted in fruit phenolics.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- cultivare0
- Outcome
- concentration of the measured fruit phenolicse0
- Setting
- production seasone0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant cultivar and production season effects on the concentration of the measured fruit phenolics, with strong interactions between the two factors, were also identified.”
t0“Apple Fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Vitamin C content strongly depended on annual growing conditions.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- Vitamin C contente0
- Setting
- year-to-year differences in the fruit growing conditionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitamin C content in the fruits was strongly dependent on the year-to-year differences in the fruit growing conditions.”
t0“Apple Fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest organic production can provide apples rich in phenolic antioxidants.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- organic production systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the organic production system has a potential to provide apple fruits rich in selected health-promoting phenolic antioxidants.”
The same questions in other papers
cultivation system · molecular: metabolites · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →cultivation system · quality: phytochemicals · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.