Abstract
Two pots experiments, at two successive winter seasons, were carried out to investigate the effects of two nitrogen (N) sources (ammonium nitrate and urea) and foliar applications of molybdenum (Mo), sucrose (Suc) or selenium (Se) on the growth and quality of the edible parts of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. cv. Balady). The results indicated that the growth and quality of spinach plants can be greatly determined by the applied N source. The edible parts of spinach plants that received urea as N source showed lower content of NO3-, soluble oxalate, insoluble oxalate and total oxalate plus higher level of P content, however, higher moisture content as well as lower accumulation of dry mass, vitamin C and Fe were also observed in both seasons. Among the tested foliar applications at different concentrations, the treatment with 10% sucrose showed superior effects for increasing spinach growth (increase fresh weight, dry weight and leaves area) and quality (increase the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Fe, total protein and chlorophyll, as well as decreasing the contents of soluble oxalate and total oxalate) relative to the control (distilled water) in both seasons. The interaction treatment of urea fertilizer with foliar application of 10% sucrose was the most efficient one in decreasing NO3- and soluble oxalate contents without reductions in growth (fresh and dry weights), the contents of vitamin C and minerals against the corresponding control in both seasons.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
The applied N source greatly determined the growth and quality of spinach plants.
- Taxon
- spinach
Spinacia oleraceae1 - Treatment
- applied N sourcee1
- Outcome
- growth and qualitye1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results indicated that the growth and quality of spinach plants can be greatly determined by the applied N source”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea as N source lowered NO3- content in the edible parts of spinach.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Treatment
- urea as N sourcee1
- Outcome
- content of NO3-e1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Setting
- two successive winter seasonse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The edible parts of spinach plants that received urea as N source showed lower content of NO3-, soluble oxalate, insoluble oxalate and total oxalate plus higher level of P content”
e7“Two pots experiments, at two successive winter seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea as N source lowered soluble, insoluble and total oxalate in the edible parts of spinach.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Treatment
- urea as N sourcee1
- Outcome
- soluble oxalate, insoluble oxalate and total oxalatee1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Setting
- two successive winter seasonse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The edible parts of spinach plants that received urea as N source showed lower content of NO3-, soluble oxalate, insoluble oxalate and total oxalate plus higher level of P content”
e7“Two pots experiments, at two successive winter seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea as N source raised P content in the edible parts of spinach.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Treatment
- urea as N sourcee1
- Outcome
- P contente1
- Direction
- highere1
- Setting
- two successive winter seasonse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The edible parts of spinach plants that received urea as N source showed lower content of NO3-, soluble oxalate, insoluble oxalate and total oxalate plus higher level of P content”
e7“Two pots experiments, at two successive winter seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea as N source raised moisture content of spinach edible parts.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Treatment
- urea as N sourcee1
- Outcome
- moisture contente2
- Direction
- highere2
- Setting
- two successive winter seasonse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The edible parts of spinach plants that received urea as N source showed lower content of NO3-, soluble oxalate, insoluble oxalate and total oxalate plus higher level of P content”
e2“higher moisture content as well as lower accumulation of dry mass, vitamin C and Fe were also observed in both seasons”
e7“Two pots experiments, at two successive winter seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea as N source lowered dry mass, vitamin C and Fe accumulation in spinach.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Treatment
- urea as N sourcee1
- Outcome
- dry mass, vitamin C and Fee2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Setting
- two successive winter seasonse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The edible parts of spinach plants that received urea as N source showed lower content of NO3-, soluble oxalate, insoluble oxalate and total oxalate plus higher level of P content”
e2“higher moisture content as well as lower accumulation of dry mass, vitamin C and Fe were also observed in both seasons”
e7“Two pots experiments, at two successive winter seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 10% sucrose increased fresh weight, dry weight and leaf area of spinach relative to distilled water control.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Treatment
- 10% sucrosee1
- Outcome
- fresh weight, dry weight and leaves areae2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Comparator
- control (distilled water)e3
- Setting
- two successive winter seasonse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Among the tested foliar applications at different concentrations, the treatment with 10% sucrose showed superior effects for increasing spinach growth”
e2“increase fresh weight, dry weight and leaves area”
e3“relative to the control (distilled water) in both seasons”
e7“Two pots experiments, at two successive winter seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 10% sucrose increased N, P and K contents of spinach relative to distilled water control.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Treatment
- 10% sucrosee1
- Outcome
- contents of N, P, Ke2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Comparator
- control (distilled water)e3
- Setting
- two successive winter seasonse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Among the tested foliar applications at different concentrations, the treatment with 10% sucrose showed superior effects for increasing spinach growth”
e2“increase the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Fe, total protein and chlorophyll”
e3“relative to the control (distilled water) in both seasons”
e7“Two pots experiments, at two successive winter seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 10% sucrose increased Ca and Fe contents of spinach relative to distilled water control.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Treatment
- 10% sucrosee1
- Outcome
- Ca, Fee2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Comparator
- control (distilled water)e3
- Setting
- two successive winter seasonse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Among the tested foliar applications at different concentrations, the treatment with 10% sucrose showed superior effects for increasing spinach growth”
e2“increase the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Fe, total protein and chlorophyll”
e3“relative to the control (distilled water) in both seasons”
e7“Two pots experiments, at two successive winter seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 10% sucrose increased total protein and chlorophyll of spinach relative to distilled water control.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Treatment
- 10% sucrosee1
- Outcome
- total protein and chlorophylle2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Comparator
- control (distilled water)e3
- Setting
- two successive winter seasonse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Among the tested foliar applications at different concentrations, the treatment with 10% sucrose showed superior effects for increasing spinach growth”
e2“increase the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Fe, total protein and chlorophyll”
e3“relative to the control (distilled water) in both seasons”
e7“Two pots experiments, at two successive winter seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 10% sucrose decreased soluble and total oxalate contents of spinach relative to distilled water control.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Treatment
- 10% sucrosee1
- Outcome
- contents of soluble oxalate and total oxalatee2
- Direction
- decreasinge2
- Comparator
- control (distilled water)e3
- Setting
- two successive winter seasonse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Among the tested foliar applications at different concentrations, the treatment with 10% sucrose showed superior effects for increasing spinach growth”
e2“as well as decreasing the contents of soluble oxalate and total oxalate”
e3“relative to the control (distilled water) in both seasons”
e7“Two pots experiments, at two successive winter seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea with foliar 10% sucrose decreased NO3- and soluble oxalate contents of spinach against the corresponding control.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Treatment
- urea fertilizer with foliar application of 10% sucrosee2
- Outcome
- NO3- and soluble oxalate contentse2
- Direction
- decreasinge2
- Comparator
- corresponding controle3
- Setting
- two successive winter seasonse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Among the tested foliar applications at different concentrations, the treatment with 10% sucrose showed superior effects for increasing spinach growth”
e2“The interaction treatment of urea fertilizer with foliar application of 10% sucrose was the most efficient one in decreasing NO3- and soluble oxalate contents”
e3“without reductions in growth (fresh and dry weights), the contents of vitamin C and minerals against the corresponding control in both seasons”
e7“Two pots experiments, at two successive winter seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea with foliar 10% sucrose did not reduce fresh and dry weights of spinach against the corresponding control.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Treatment
- urea fertilizer with foliar application of 10% sucrosee2
- Outcome
- growth (fresh and dry weights)e3
- Direction
- without reductionse3
- Comparator
- corresponding controle3
- Setting
- two successive winter seasonse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Among the tested foliar applications at different concentrations, the treatment with 10% sucrose showed superior effects for increasing spinach growth”
e2“The interaction treatment of urea fertilizer with foliar application of 10% sucrose was the most efficient one in decreasing NO3- and soluble oxalate contents”
e3“without reductions in growth (fresh and dry weights), the contents of vitamin C and minerals against the corresponding control in both seasons”
e7“Two pots experiments, at two successive winter seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea with foliar 10% sucrose did not reduce vitamin C and mineral contents of spinach against the corresponding control.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Treatment
- urea fertilizer with foliar application of 10% sucrosee2
- Outcome
- the contents of vitamin C and mineralse3
- Direction
- without reductionse3
- Comparator
- corresponding controle3
- Setting
- two successive winter seasonse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Among the tested foliar applications at different concentrations, the treatment with 10% sucrose showed superior effects for increasing spinach growth”
e2“The interaction treatment of urea fertilizer with foliar application of 10% sucrose was the most efficient one in decreasing NO3- and soluble oxalate contents”
e3“without reductions in growth (fresh and dry weights), the contents of vitamin C and minerals against the corresponding control in both seasons”
e7“Two pots experiments, at two successive winter seasons”
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See all 17 papers →8 of 13 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.