Abstract
This study explored the effects of foliar spray of selected plant growth regulators (PGRs) on the biochemical and phenolic antioxidant attributes of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves. Following foliar spray at three growth stages (40, 50, and 60 days) with selected PGRs, namely humic acid (HA), Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOLE), and 6-benzylamino purine (6-BAP), and their mixed form, the samples of spinach leaves were harvested. The analysis of foliar-treated leaves revealed the content of proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), total soluble proteins (TSPs), total chlorophyll, and total carotenoids to be 22.45-72.32 μg/g FW, 2.41-29.13 ng/g FW, 3.21-22.45 μg/g FW, 4.173-19.700 mg/g FW, and 0.500-1.260 mg/g FW, respectively. The total phenolic content (TPC), reducing power, and DPPH° scavenging activity (IC50 values) varied from 6.59 to 14.49 mg GAE/g DM, from 0.426 to 1.944 (10.0 mg/mL extract concentration), and from 0.506 to 1.073 μg/mL, respectively. HPLC analysis showed that foliar application of PGRs also improved the content of individual phenolic acids in the leaves as compared with the controls. Overall, it was concluded that, although the use of the PGRs acted as an elicitor with respect to each growth phase and exhibited significant differences (P < 0.05) among treatments, the leading effect was exhibited by the MOLE treatment, proving it to be a better enhancer of phenolic antioxidants and other biochemicals.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Treated spinach leaves had proline content of 22.45-72.32 μg/g FW.
- Taxon
- spinach
Spinacia oleraceae1 - Outcome
- prolinee0
- Value
- 22.45-72.32 μg/g FWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the content of proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), total soluble proteins (TSPs), total chlorophyll, and total carotenoids to be 22.45-72.32 μg/g FW, 2.41-29.13 ng/g FW, 3.21-22.45 μg/g FW, 4.173-19.700 mg/g FW, and 0.500-1.260 mg/g FW, respectively”
e1“This study explored the effects of foliar spray of selected plant growth regulators (PGRs) on the biochemical and phenolic antioxidant attributes of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated spinach leaves had MDA content of 2.41-29.13 ng/g FW.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA)e0
- Value
- 2.41-29.13 ng/g FWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the content of proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), total soluble proteins (TSPs), total chlorophyll, and total carotenoids to be 22.45-72.32 μg/g FW, 2.41-29.13 ng/g FW, 3.21-22.45 μg/g FW, 4.173-19.700 mg/g FW, and 0.500-1.260 mg/g FW, respectively”
e1“This study explored the effects of foliar spray of selected plant growth regulators (PGRs) on the biochemical and phenolic antioxidant attributes of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated spinach leaves had TSP content of 3.21-22.45 μg/g FW.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Outcome
- total soluble proteins (TSPs)e0
- Value
- 3.21-22.45 μg/g FWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the content of proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), total soluble proteins (TSPs), total chlorophyll, and total carotenoids to be 22.45-72.32 μg/g FW, 2.41-29.13 ng/g FW, 3.21-22.45 μg/g FW, 4.173-19.700 mg/g FW, and 0.500-1.260 mg/g FW, respectively”
e1“This study explored the effects of foliar spray of selected plant growth regulators (PGRs) on the biochemical and phenolic antioxidant attributes of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated spinach leaves had chlorophyll content of 4.173-19.700 mg/g FW.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Outcome
- total chlorophylle0
- Value
- 4.173-19.700 mg/g FWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the content of proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), total soluble proteins (TSPs), total chlorophyll, and total carotenoids to be 22.45-72.32 μg/g FW, 2.41-29.13 ng/g FW, 3.21-22.45 μg/g FW, 4.173-19.700 mg/g FW, and 0.500-1.260 mg/g FW, respectively”
e1“This study explored the effects of foliar spray of selected plant growth regulators (PGRs) on the biochemical and phenolic antioxidant attributes of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated spinach leaves had carotenoid content of 0.500-1.260 mg/g FW.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Outcome
- total carotenoidse0
- Value
- 0.500-1.260 mg/g FWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the content of proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), total soluble proteins (TSPs), total chlorophyll, and total carotenoids to be 22.45-72.32 μg/g FW, 2.41-29.13 ng/g FW, 3.21-22.45 μg/g FW, 4.173-19.700 mg/g FW, and 0.500-1.260 mg/g FW, respectively”
e1“This study explored the effects of foliar spray of selected plant growth regulators (PGRs) on the biochemical and phenolic antioxidant attributes of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Total phenolic content varied from 6.59 to 14.49 mg GAE/g DM.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Outcome
- total phenolic content (TPC)e0
- Value
- 6.59 to 14.49 mg GAE/g DMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total phenolic content (TPC), reducing power, and DPPH° scavenging activity (IC50 values) varied from 6.59 to 14.49 mg GAE/g DM, from 0.426 to 1.944 (10.0 mg/mL extract concentration), and from 0.506 to 1.073 μg/mL, respectively”
e1“This study explored the effects of foliar spray of selected plant growth regulators (PGRs) on the biochemical and phenolic antioxidant attributes of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing power varied from 0.426 to 1.944.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Outcome
- reducing powere0
- Value
- 0.426 to 1.944e0
- Qualifier
- 10.0 mg/mL extract concentratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total phenolic content (TPC), reducing power, and DPPH° scavenging activity (IC50 values) varied from 6.59 to 14.49 mg GAE/g DM, from 0.426 to 1.944 (10.0 mg/mL extract concentration), and from 0.506 to 1.073 μg/mL, respectively”
e1“This study explored the effects of foliar spray of selected plant growth regulators (PGRs) on the biochemical and phenolic antioxidant attributes of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
DPPH scavenging IC50 varied from 0.506 to 1.073 μg/mL.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Outcome
- DPPH° scavenging activity (IC50 values)e0
- Value
- 0.506 to 1.073 μg/mLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total phenolic content (TPC), reducing power, and DPPH° scavenging activity (IC50 values) varied from 6.59 to 14.49 mg GAE/g DM, from 0.426 to 1.944 (10.0 mg/mL extract concentration), and from 0.506 to 1.073 μg/mL, respectively”
e1“This study explored the effects of foliar spray of selected plant growth regulators (PGRs) on the biochemical and phenolic antioxidant attributes of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar PGR application improved individual phenolic acid content over controls.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- foliar application of PGRse0
- Outcome
- content of individual phenolic acidse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- the controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of PGRs also improved the content of individual phenolic acids in the leaves as compared with the controls”
e1“This study explored the effects of foliar spray of selected plant growth regulators (PGRs) on the biochemical and phenolic antioxidant attributes of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
MOLE had the leading effect in enhancing phenolic antioxidants and other biochemicals.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Treatment
- MOLE treatmente0
- Outcome
- phenolic antioxidants and other biochemicalse0
- Direction
- better enhancere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the leading effect was exhibited by the MOLE treatment, proving it to be a better enhancer of phenolic antioxidants and other biochemicals”
e1“This study explored the effects of foliar spray of selected plant growth regulators (PGRs) on the biochemical and phenolic antioxidant attributes of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves.”
The same questions in other papers
application · quality: phytochemicals · Spinacia oleracea (spinach)Positive and negative results
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- no effect
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botanical · quality: phytochemicals · Spinacia oleracea (spinach)Results agree
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- positive
- positive
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.