Abstract
Compost tea is a liquid fraction extracted from composts, and it is of great interest in sustainable agriculture because it reduces the unsustainable use of chemical-based pesticides and fertilizers. In this study, during two spinach field cycles, we evaluated the potential beneficial effect of the foliar application of a compost tea made from onion and vineyard composts either by itself (CT) or implemented with the beneficial microorganism Trichoderma harzianum T78 (CT + Th) on the “healthy quality” and yield of baby spinach. Results showed that both the CT and CT + Th treatments produced a higher spinach yield than the control, but these treatments did not result in an increase in soil dehydrogenase activity (DHA) or soil nutrient content. Furthermore, CT + Th treatment showed the highest yield, phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and flavonoid levels. Nitrate levels were below legal amounts, and they were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower in the CT and CT + Th treatments than in the control. Data suggest that compost tea extracts from onion waste and vineyard compost and/or enriched with T. harzianum can be used in a sustainable agriculture to increase yield and quality of baby spinach.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Compost tea increased spinach yield over control.
- Taxon
- spinach
Spinacia oleraceae0 - Treatment
- CTe0
- Outcome
- spinach yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both the CT and CT + Th treatments produced a higher spinach yield than the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost tea with Trichoderma increased spinach yield over control.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- CT + The0
- Outcome
- spinach yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both the CT and CT + Th treatments produced a higher spinach yield than the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither compost tea treatment increased soil dehydrogenase activity or nutrient content.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- these treatmentse0
- Outcome
- soil dehydrogenase activity (DHA) or soil nutrient contente0
- Direction
- did not result in an increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these treatments did not result in an increase in soil dehydrogenase activity (DHA) or soil nutrient content.”
t0“spinach”
t1“Nitrate levels were below legal amounts, and they were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower in the CT and CT + Th treatments than in the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost tea plus Trichoderma gave the highest yield and phytochemical quality measures.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- CT + Th treatmente0
- Outcome
- yield, phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and flavonoid levelse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CT + Th treatment showed the highest yield, phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and flavonoid levels.”
t0“spinach”
t1“Nitrate levels were below legal amounts, and they were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower in the CT and CT + Th treatments than in the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinach nitrate levels were below legal amounts.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Outcome
- Nitrate levelse0
- Direction
- belowe0
- Comparator
- legal amountse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrate levels were below legal amounts”
t0“spinach”
t1“Nitrate levels were below legal amounts, and they were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower in the CT and CT + Th treatments than in the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost tea significantly lowered nitrate levels versus control.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- CTe0
- Outcome
- Nitrate levelst1
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“they were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower in the CT and CT + Th treatments than in the control.”
t0“spinach”
t1“Nitrate levels were below legal amounts, and they were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower in the CT and CT + Th treatments than in the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost tea with Trichoderma significantly lowered nitrate levels versus control.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- CT + The0
- Outcome
- Nitrate levelst1
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“they were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower in the CT and CT + Th treatments than in the control.”
t0“spinach”
t1“Nitrate levels were below legal amounts, and they were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower in the CT and CT + Th treatments than in the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest compost tea extracts for increasing baby spinach yield and quality.
Verbatim
e0“compost tea extracts from onion waste and vineyard compost and/or enriched with T. harzianum can be used in a sustainable agriculture to increase yield and quality of baby spinach.”
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See all 60 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.