Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The present study was performed to examine the role of pqqE inhabiting rhizobacteria in organic acid production and relationship of the organic acids with phosphate solubilization by the bacteria in vitro as well as in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS: phosphate in Pikovskaya broth medium under similar conditions. In field experiments conducted during two consecutive years, the concentration of acetic acid and gluconic acid was higher in root exudates of plants treated with Pantoea sp. WP-5 at 30% reduced doses of nitrogen (N)- and phosphorus (P)-based chemical fertilizers as compared to non-inoculated plants. Values of chlorophyll contents, crop growth rate, leaf area index, straw yield and P contents were recorded higher in plants inoculated with Pantoea sp. WP-5 and Pseudomonas sp. NN-4 as compared to non-inoculated control. Grain yield was increased by 10-12% due to inoculation with Pantoea sp. WP-5 and Pseudomonas sp. NN-4 over non-inoculated control in the field experiments. CONCLUSIONS: These results lead to the conclusions that the rhizobacteria inhabiting pqqE gene produced organic acids and solubilized the phosphate in vitro. On inoculation to wheat plants in field experiments, these strains produced the organic acids, solubilized the phosphate, and improved the P uptake and productivity of wheat. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The Pantoea sp. WP-5 and Pseudomonas sp. NN-4 are the potential candidates for inoculation to wheat as phosphate solubilizer even with reduced chemical fertilizer dose. The inoculation of the strains may enhance grain yield and net income of the farmer even with less chemical fertilizer application. This practice will be helpfull inminimizing environmental pollution.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Pantoea inoculation at reduced fertilizer doses increased acetic acid concentration in root exudates.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Pantoea sp. WP-5 at 30% reduced doses of nitrogen (N)- and phosphorus (P)-based chemical fertilizerse0
- Interactor
- Pantoea sp. WP-5e0symbiont
- Outcome
- concentration of acetic acide0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the concentration of acetic acid and gluconic acid was higher in root exudates of plants treated with Pantoea sp. WP-5 at 30% reduced doses of nitrogen (N)- and phosphorus (P)-based chemical fertilizers as compared to non-inoculated plants.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pantoea inoculation at reduced fertilizer doses increased gluconic acid concentration in root exudates.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Pantoea sp. WP-5 at 30% reduced doses of nitrogen (N)- and phosphorus (P)-based chemical fertilizerse0
- Interactor
- Pantoea sp. WP-5e0symbiont
- Outcome
- gluconic acide0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the concentration of acetic acid and gluconic acid was higher in root exudates of plants treated with Pantoea sp. WP-5 at 30% reduced doses of nitrogen (N)- and phosphorus (P)-based chemical fertilizers as compared to non-inoculated plants.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pantoea inoculation raised wheat chlorophyll content, crop growth rate and leaf area index versus uninoculated controls.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Pantoea sp. WP-5e0
- Interactor
- Pantoea sp. WP-5e0symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contents, crop growth rate, leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Values of chlorophyll contents, crop growth rate, leaf area index, straw yield and P contents were recorded higher in plants inoculated with Pantoea sp. WP-5 and Pseudomonas sp. NN-4 as compared to non-inoculated control.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas inoculation raised wheat chlorophyll content, crop growth rate and leaf area index versus uninoculated controls.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas sp. NN-4e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas sp. NN-4e0symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contents, crop growth rate, leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Values of chlorophyll contents, crop growth rate, leaf area index, straw yield and P contents were recorded higher in plants inoculated with Pantoea sp. WP-5 and Pseudomonas sp. NN-4 as compared to non-inoculated control.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pantoea inoculation increased straw yield and P content relative to uninoculated controls.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Pantoea sp. WP-5e0
- Interactor
- Pantoea sp. WP-5e0symbiont
- Outcome
- straw yield and P contentse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Values of chlorophyll contents, crop growth rate, leaf area index, straw yield and P contents were recorded higher in plants inoculated with Pantoea sp. WP-5 and Pseudomonas sp. NN-4 as compared to non-inoculated control.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas inoculation increased straw yield and P content relative to uninoculated controls.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas sp. NN-4e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas sp. NN-4e0symbiont
- Outcome
- straw yield and P contentse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Values of chlorophyll contents, crop growth rate, leaf area index, straw yield and P contents were recorded higher in plants inoculated with Pantoea sp. WP-5 and Pseudomonas sp. NN-4 as compared to non-inoculated control.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pantoea inoculation increased wheat grain yield by 10–12% in field trials.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- inoculation with Pantoea sp. WP-5e0
- Interactor
- Pantoea sp. WP-5e0symbiont
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10-12%e0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield was increased by 10-12% due to inoculation with Pantoea sp. WP-5 and Pseudomonas sp. NN-4 over non-inoculated control in the field experiments.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas inoculation increased wheat grain yield by 10–12% in field trials.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas sp. NN-4e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas sp. NN-4e0symbiont
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10-12%e0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield was increased by 10-12% due to inoculation with Pantoea sp. WP-5 and Pseudomonas sp. NN-4 over non-inoculated control in the field experiments.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The strains produced organic acids and solubilized phosphate in vitro.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- rhizobacteriaHyphomicrobialese0symbiont
- Outcome
- produced organic acids and solubilized the phosphatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rhizobacteria inhabiting pqqE gene produced organic acids and solubilized the phosphate in vitro”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommended both strains as wheat phosphate-solubilizing inoculants at reduced fertilizer dose.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- Pantoea sp. WP-5e0symbiont
- Second interactor
- Pseudomonas sp. NN-4e0symbiont
- Outcome
- potential candidates for inoculation to wheat as phosphate solubilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Pantoea sp. WP-5 and Pseudomonas sp. NN-4 are the potential candidates for inoculation to wheat as phosphate solubilizer even with reduced chemical fertilizer dose.”
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