Abstract
Expanding eco-friendly approaches to improve plant growth and crop productivity is of great important for sustainable agriculture. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture Farm, Mansoura University, Egypt during the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons to study the effects of different bio- and organic fertilizers and their combination on hybrid maize growth, yield, and grain quality. Seeds were treated with Azotobacter chrocoocum, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Bacillus circulans, biogas slurry, humic acid (HA), and their combination aiming to increase the growth and yield of maize and to reduce the need for chemical fertilizers. The results showed that combined application of the biofertilizer mixture (Azotobacter chrocoocum, AMF, and Bacillus circulans) with organic fertilizers enhanced maize growth, yield, and nutrient uptake. Moreover, the bio-organic fertilization has improved the soluble sugars, starch, carbohydrates, protein, and amino acid contents in maize seeds. Additionally, the bio-organic fertilization caused an obvious increase in the microbial activity by enhancing acid phosphatase and dehydrogenase enzymes, bacterial count, and mycorrhizal colonization levels in maize rhizosphere as compared with the chemical fertilization. Additionally, the bio-organic fertilizers has improved α-amylase and gibberellins (GA) activities and their transcript levels, as well as decreased the abscisic acid (ABA) level in the seeds as compared to the chemical fertilizers. The obtained results of bio-organic fertilization on the growth parameters and yield of maize recommend their use as an alternative tool to reduce chemical fertilizers.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Combined biofertilizer and organic fertilizer enhanced maize growth.
- Treatment
- combined application of the biofertilizer mixture (Azotobacter chrocoocum, AMF, and Bacillus circulans) with organic fertilizerse0
- Interactor
- Azotobacter chrocoocume0symbiont
- Second interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- Bacillus circulanse0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined application of the biofertilizer mixture (Azotobacter chrocoocum, AMF, and Bacillus circulans) with organic fertilizers enhanced maize growth, yield, and nutrient uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined biofertilizer and organic fertilizer enhanced maize yield.
- Treatment
- combined application of the biofertilizer mixture (Azotobacter chrocoocum, AMF, and Bacillus circulans) with organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined application of the biofertilizer mixture (Azotobacter chrocoocum, AMF, and Bacillus circulans) with organic fertilizers enhanced maize growth, yield, and nutrient uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined biofertilizer and organic fertilizer enhanced maize nutrient uptake.
- Treatment
- combined application of the biofertilizer mixture (Azotobacter chrocoocum, AMF, and Bacillus circulans) with organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined application of the biofertilizer mixture (Azotobacter chrocoocum, AMF, and Bacillus circulans) with organic fertilizers enhanced maize growth, yield, and nutrient uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-organic fertilization improved maize seed soluble sugars, starch and carbohydrates.
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- bio-organic fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- soluble sugars, starch, carbohydratese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bio-organic fertilization has improved the soluble sugars, starch, carbohydrates, protein, and amino acid contents in maize seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-organic fertilization improved maize seed protein and amino acid contents.
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- bio-organic fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- protein, and amino acid contentse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bio-organic fertilization has improved the soluble sugars, starch, carbohydrates, protein, and amino acid contents in maize seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-organic fertilizer increased rhizosphere acid phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities versus chemical fertilizer.
- Organ / stage
- rhizospheree0
- Treatment
- bio-organic fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- acid phosphatase and dehydrogenase enzymese0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bio-organic fertilization caused an obvious increase in the microbial activity by enhancing acid phosphatase and dehydrogenase enzymes, bacterial count, and mycorrhizal colonization levels in maize rhizosphere as compared with the chemical fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-organic fertilizer increased rhizosphere bacterial count versus chemical fertilizer.
- Organ / stage
- rhizospheree0
- Treatment
- bio-organic fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- bacterial counte0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bio-organic fertilization caused an obvious increase in the microbial activity by enhancing acid phosphatase and dehydrogenase enzymes, bacterial count, and mycorrhizal colonization levels in maize rhizosphere as compared with the chemical fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-organic fertilizer increased mycorrhizal colonization versus chemical fertilizer.
- Organ / stage
- rhizospheree0
- Treatment
- bio-organic fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal colonization levelse0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bio-organic fertilization caused an obvious increase in the microbial activity by enhancing acid phosphatase and dehydrogenase enzymes, bacterial count, and mycorrhizal colonization levels in maize rhizosphere as compared with the chemical fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-organic fertilizer improved seed α-amylase and gibberellin activities versus chemical fertilizer.
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- bio-organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- α-amylase and gibberellins (GA) activitiese0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bio-organic fertilizers has improved α-amylase and gibberellins (GA) activities and their transcript levels, as well as decreased the abscisic acid (ABA) level in the seeds as compared to the chemical fertilizers”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-organic fertilizer improved α-amylase and gibberellin transcript levels.
- Treatment
- bio-organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- their transcript levelse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bio-organic fertilizers has improved α-amylase and gibberellins (GA) activities and their transcript levels, as well as decreased the abscisic acid (ABA) level in the seeds as compared to the chemical fertilizers”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-organic fertilizer decreased seed abscisic acid versus chemical fertilizer.
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- bio-organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- abscisic acid (ABA) levele0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bio-organic fertilizers has improved α-amylase and gibberellins (GA) activities and their transcript levels, as well as decreased the abscisic acid (ABA) level in the seeds as compared to the chemical fertilizers”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend bio-organic fertilizer to reduce chemical fertilizer use.
- Outcome
- reduce chemical fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“recommend their use as an alternative tool to reduce chemical fertilizers”
t0“maize”
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See all 36 papers →8 of 19 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.