Abstract
‘Minomusume’ strawberries were stored in high CO 2 atmospheres (20%, 30%, and 40%) by means of a controlled atmosphere (CA) and active modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) for 10 days at 5 °C. The CA of 20% to 40% CO 2 was effective in delaying an increase in fungal count and preventing the external formation of mold mycelia, but a CA of >30% CO 2 induced black discoloration on the surface of strawberry due to CO 2 injury. When strawberry fruit were stored in a MAP flushed with either air or high CO 2 , all packages approached an equilibrium of ≈20% CO 2 and 2% O 2 by the end of storage. Fungal counts of strawberry fruit stored in a MAP remained constant throughout the storage period and the diversity of fungal flora was partially similar regardless of the difference in the MAP method. Visual quality (mold incidence and severity of black discoloration) and physicochemical quality (weight loss, firmness, pH, and total ascorbic acid content) were unaffected by CO 2 atmospheres as the flushing gas during active MAP storage, except that the fruit in a MAP flushed with 20% and 30% CO 2 were firmer than those with air and 40% CO 2 . After transfer to ambient conditions for 6 days at 10 °C, however, external formation of mold mycelia identified as Botrytis cinerea and surface black discoloration were induced in strawberry fruit in MAP flushed with 30% and 40% CO 2 .
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled atmospheres of 20–40 percent carbon dioxide delayed fungal-count increases and prevented visible mold.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- CA of 20% to 40% CO 2e0
- Outcome
- increase in fungal count and preventing the external formation of mold myceliae0
- Direction
- delayinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The CA of 20% to 40% CO 2 was effective in delaying an increase in fungal count and preventing the external formation of mold mycelia”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled atmospheres above 30 percent carbon dioxide induced black fruit discoloration.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- CA of >30% CO 2e0
- Outcome
- black discoloration on the surface of strawberrye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a CA of >30% CO 2 induced black discoloration on the surface of strawberry due to CO 2 injury.”
Claim · model-written summary
Modified atmosphere packages equilibrated near 20 percent CO2 and two percent O2.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- equilibrium of ≈20% CO 2 and 2% O 2e0
- Value
- ≈20% CO 2 and 2% O 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all packages approached an equilibrium of ≈20% CO 2 and 2% O 2 by the end of storage.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal counts remained constant during modified-atmosphere storage.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Outcome
- Fungal countse0
- Direction
- remained constante0
- Qualifier
- stored in a MAPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungal counts of strawberry fruit stored in a MAP remained constant throughout the storage period”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal flora were partly similar across modified-atmosphere methods.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- diversity of fungal florae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the diversity of fungal flora was partially similar regardless of the difference in the MAP method.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Flushing gas did not affect most visual or physicochemical quality measures.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- CO 2 atmospheres as the flushing gase0
- Outcome
- Visual quality (mold incidence and severity of black discoloration) and physicochemical quality (weight loss, firmness, pH, and total ascorbic acid content)e0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Visual quality (mold incidence and severity of black discoloration) and physicochemical quality (weight loss, firmness, pH, and total ascorbic acid content) were unaffected by CO 2 atmospheres as the flushing gas during active MAP storage”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit flushed with 20 or 30 percent CO2 were firmer than fruit flushed with air or 40 percent CO2.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- 20% and 30% CO 2e0
- Outcome
- firmere0
- Direction
- firmere0
- Comparator
- air and 40% CO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the fruit in a MAP flushed with 20% and 30% CO 2 were firmer than those with air and 40% CO 2 .”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
After ambient transfer, 30 and 40 percent CO2 flushing induced visible Botrytis mold and black discoloration.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- MAP flushed with 30% and 40% CO 2e0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Outcome
- external formation of mold mycelia identified as Botrytis cinerea and surface black discoloratione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“external formation of mold mycelia identified as Botrytis cinerea and surface black discoloration were induced in strawberry fruit in MAP flushed with 30% and 40% CO 2 .”
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storage · organism · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.