Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of sunflower dried stalk solution on germination of crop and weed seeds under various concentrations. Four rates of sunflower dried stalk solution on weight by volume basis such as 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1 kg in 10 liters of water were taken and sprayed into the pots with 20 cm diameter and a control was also maintained. Seeds of five crops and six weeds were sown. Germination percentage and dry weight of crops and weeds were recorded for each pot. Sunflower dried stalk solution with 1:10 w/v basis reduced mean germination by 9.4% for Abutilon indicum, 8.4% for Parthenium hysteroporus,7.2% for Amaranhus viridis,9.0% for Trianthema portulacastrum,11.9% for Cynodon dactylon,10.1% for Cyperus rotundus,7.9% for Maize,9.1% for Blackgram,7.6% for Greengram,6.9% for Cowpea, and 8.9% for Pearl millet, compared with the control. The dry weight of crops and weed seeds was also reduced with Sunflower dried stalk solution with 1:10 w/v dose and so direct seeding of these vegetables into soil into which Sunflower dried stalk solution has been incorporated is not advisable. Using transplants may be an alternative that takes advantage of the herbicidal effects of Sunflower dried stalk solution and thus prevents the weed emergence.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower dried stalk solution at 1:10 w/v reduced mean germination of Abutilon indicum by 9.4% compared with the control.
- Taxon
- Abutilon indicum
Abutilon indicume2 - Treatment
- Sunflower dried stalk solution with 1:10 w/v basise0
- Outcome
- mean germinatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 9.4%e2
- Comparator
- the controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower dried stalk solution with 1:10 w/v basis”
e1“reduced mean germination by”
e2“9.4% for Abutilon indicum”
e3“compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower dried stalk solution at 1:10 w/v reduced mean germination of Parthenium hysteroporus by 8.4% compared with the control.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower dried stalk solution with 1:10 w/v basis”
e1“reduced mean germination by”
e2“8.4% for Parthenium hysteroporus”
e3“compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower dried stalk solution at 1:10 w/v reduced mean germination of Amaranhus viridis by 7.2% compared with the control.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower dried stalk solution with 1:10 w/v basis”
e1“reduced mean germination by”
e2“7.2% for Amaranhus viridis”
e3“compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower dried stalk solution at 1:10 w/v reduced mean germination of Trianthema portulacastrum by 9.0% compared with the control.
- Taxon
- Trianthema portulacastrum
Trianthema portulacastrume2 - Treatment
- Sunflower dried stalk solution with 1:10 w/v basise0
- Outcome
- mean germinatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 9.0%e2
- Comparator
- the controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower dried stalk solution with 1:10 w/v basis”
e1“reduced mean germination by”
e2“9.0% for Trianthema portulacastrum”
e3“compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower dried stalk solution at 1:10 w/v reduced mean germination of Cynodon dactylon by 11.9% compared with the control.
- Taxon
- Cynodon dactylon
Cynodon dactylone2 - Treatment
- Sunflower dried stalk solution with 1:10 w/v basise0
- Outcome
- mean germinatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 11.9%e2
- Comparator
- the controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower dried stalk solution with 1:10 w/v basis”
e1“reduced mean germination by”
e2“11.9% for Cynodon dactylon”
e3“compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower dried stalk solution at 1:10 w/v reduced mean germination of Cyperus rotundus by 10.1% compared with the control.
- Taxon
- Cyperus rotundus
Cyperus rotunduse2 - Treatment
- Sunflower dried stalk solution with 1:10 w/v basise0
- Outcome
- mean germinatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 10.1%e2
- Comparator
- the controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower dried stalk solution with 1:10 w/v basis”
e1“reduced mean germination by”
e2“10.1% for Cyperus rotundus”
e3“compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower dried stalk solution at 1:10 w/v reduced mean germination of Maize by 7.9% compared with the control.
- Treatment
- Sunflower dried stalk solution with 1:10 w/v basise0
- Outcome
- mean germinatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 7.9%e2
- Comparator
- the controle3
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower dried stalk solution with 1:10 w/v basis”
e1“reduced mean germination by”
e2“7.9% for Maize”
e3“compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower dried stalk solution at 1:10 w/v reduced mean germination of Blackgram by 9.1% compared with the control.
- Taxon
- Blackgram
Vigna mungoe2 - Treatment
- Sunflower dried stalk solution with 1:10 w/v basise0
- Outcome
- mean germinatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 9.1%e2
- Comparator
- the controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower dried stalk solution with 1:10 w/v basis”
e1“reduced mean germination by”
e2“9.1% for Blackgram”
e3“compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower dried stalk solution at 1:10 w/v reduced mean germination of Greengram by 7.6% compared with the control.
- Taxon
- Greengram
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Vigna radiata var. radiatae2 - Treatment
- Sunflower dried stalk solution with 1:10 w/v basise0
- Outcome
- mean germinatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 7.6%e2
- Comparator
- the controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower dried stalk solution with 1:10 w/v basis”
e1“reduced mean germination by”
e2“7.6% for Greengram”
e3“compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower dried stalk solution at 1:10 w/v reduced mean germination of Cowpea by 6.9% compared with the control.
- Taxon
- Cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae2 - Treatment
- Sunflower dried stalk solution with 1:10 w/v basise0
- Outcome
- mean germinatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 6.9%e2
- Comparator
- the controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower dried stalk solution with 1:10 w/v basis”
e1“reduced mean germination by”
e2“6.9% for Cowpea”
e3“compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower dried stalk solution at 1:10 w/v reduced mean germination of Pearl millet by 8.9% compared with the control.
- Taxon
- Pearl millet
Cenchrus americanuse2 - Treatment
- Sunflower dried stalk solution with 1:10 w/v basise0
- Outcome
- mean germinatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 8.9%e2
- Comparator
- the controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower dried stalk solution with 1:10 w/v basis”
e1“reduced mean germination by”
e2“8.9% for Pearl millet”
e3“compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry weight of crops and weed seeds was also reduced by sunflower dried stalk solution at the 1:10 w/v dose.
- Taxon
- crops and weed seedse0
- Treatment
- Sunflower dried stalk solution with 1:10 w/v dosee0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The dry weight of crops and weed seeds was also reduced with Sunflower dried stalk solution with 1:10 w/v dose”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct seeding of vegetables into soil with incorporated sunflower dried stalk solution is not advisable.
Verbatim
e0“direct seeding of these vegetables into soil into which Sunflower dried stalk solution has been incorporated is not advisable”
Claim · model-written summary
Using transplants may be an alternative that exploits the herbicidal effects of sunflower dried stalk solution and prevents weed emergence.
Verbatim
e0“Using transplants may be an alternative that takes advantage of the herbicidal effects of Sunflower dried stalk solution and thus prevents the weed emergence”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.