Abstract
Relevance. Growing plants in artificial conditions (closed agroecosystems) requires precise regulation of plant growth factors, starting from the first stages of ontogenesis. One of the parameters is the presence or absence of light in the period of seed germination. For most types of cabbage the standard method is germination in the dark, but for freshly harvested seeds (at rest) light exposure is necessary. According to the literature, the mechanisms of the effect of light on seed germination are complex and ambiguous, so the issue needs detailed research. Methods . Therefore, the purpose of this work was to study the germination of seeds of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa var. chinensis), taking into account the light factor and the simultaneous analysis of antioxidant activity as a marker of changes in metabolic processes. Results . The experiment has revealed a significant increase in the antioxidant activity of the microgreens during germination in the dark compared to germination in the light (in broccoli by 5.5 times, in Chinese cabbage by 4.8 times). Later on, after the seedlings are moved to the light, the differences between the light and dark versions practically disappear. After germination in the light, the antioxidant activity of microgreens in comparison with the original (dry seeds) decreased by 3-3.5 times, while in the dark – on the contrary, increased by 1.5-1.6 times. The final results of germination (germination energy and seed germination) practically do not differ in the versions. In the case of dark germination, the height of microgreens is greater (due to etiolation and stretching in the absence of light), however, later on, the differences in the versions are smoothed out. The biomass of microgreens in the version of light germination on the 4th day after sowing seeds in broccoli is by 9.1% higher, in Chinese cabbage – by 10.5%. In case of Chinese cabbage, differences remained until the end of the experiment (on the 18th day from sowing seeds), in case of broccoli they were smoothed out. Comparison of two kinds of cabbage has showen that broccoli in the closed system of the synergotron forms a much higher aboveground biomass than Chinese cabbage (on the 4th day after sowing – by 37%, on the 18th day – by 75.4% in the dark version).
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Dark germination increased antioxidant activity of broccoli microgreens 5.5-fold relative to light germination.
- Taxon
- broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicae2 - Treatment
- germination in the darke0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activity of the microgreense0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 5.5 timese1
- Comparator
- germination in the lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The experiment has revealed a significant increase in the antioxidant activity of the microgreens during germination in the dark compared to germination in the light”
e1“in broccoli by 5.5 times”
e2“germination of seeds of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa var. chinensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dark germination increased antioxidant activity of Chinese cabbage microgreens 4.8-fold relative to light germination.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbage
Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensise2 - Treatment
- germination in the darke0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activity of the microgreense0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 4.8 timese1
- Comparator
- germination in the lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The experiment has revealed a significant increase in the antioxidant activity of the microgreens during germination in the dark compared to germination in the light”
e1“in Chinese cabbage by 4.8 times”
e2“germination of seeds of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa var. chinensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
After germination in light, antioxidant activity of microgreens decreased 3-3.5 times compared with dry seeds in both species.
- Taxon
- broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa var. chinensis)Brassica oleracea var. italicaBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise1
- Treatment
- germination in the lighte0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activity of microgreense0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 3-3.5 timese0
- Comparator
- original (dry seeds)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After germination in the light, the antioxidant activity of microgreens in comparison with the original (dry seeds) decreased by 3-3.5 times”
e1“germination of seeds of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa var. chinensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
After germination in the dark, antioxidant activity of microgreens increased 1.5-1.6 times compared with dry seeds.
- Taxon
- broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa var. chinensis)Brassica oleracea var. italicaBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise2
- Treatment
- in the darke0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activity of microgreense1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.5-1.6 timese0
- Comparator
- original (dry seeds)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the dark – on the contrary, increased by 1.5-1.6 times”
e1“After germination in the light, the antioxidant activity of microgreens in comparison with the original (dry seeds) decreased by 3-3.5 times”
e2“germination of seeds of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa var. chinensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Final germination energy and seed germination did not differ between light and dark germination.
- Taxon
- broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa var. chinensis)Brassica oleracea var. italicaBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise2
- Treatment
- germination in the lighte1
- Outcome
- germination energy and seed germinatione0
- Direction
- do not differe0
- Comparator
- germination in the darke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The final results of germination (germination energy and seed germination) practically do not differ in the versions”
e1“The experiment has revealed a significant increase in the antioxidant activity of the microgreens during germination in the dark compared to germination in the light”
e2“germination of seeds of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa var. chinensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dark germination made microgreens taller because of etiolation.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“In the case of dark germination, the height of microgreens is greater”
Claim · model-written summary
Light germination gave 9.1% higher microgreen biomass in broccoli on day 4 after sowing.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- light germinatione0
- Outcome
- biomass of microgreense0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 9.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The biomass of microgreens in the version of light germination on the 4th day after sowing seeds in broccoli is by 9.1% higher”
Claim · model-written summary
Light germination gave 10.5% higher microgreen biomass in Chinese cabbage on day 4 after sowing.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise1
- Treatment
- light germinatione0
- Outcome
- biomass of microgreense0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 10.5%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The biomass of microgreens in the version of light germination on the 4th day after sowing seeds in broccoli is by 9.1% higher”
e1“in Chinese cabbage – by 10.5%”
Claim · model-written summary
In Chinese cabbage the biomass difference between light and dark versions persisted to the end of the experiment, while in broccoli it disappeared.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise0
- Outcome
- differences remained until the end of the experimente0
- Qualifier
- on the 18th day from sowing seedse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In case of Chinese cabbage, differences remained until the end of the experiment (on the 18th day from sowing seeds), in case of broccoli they were smoothed out”
Claim · model-written summary
Broccoli in the closed system formed 37% higher aboveground biomass than Chinese cabbage on day 4 after sowing.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Outcome
- aboveground biomasse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 37%e1
- Qualifier
- on the 4th day after sowinge1
- Comparator
- Chinese cabbagee0
- Setting
- closed system of the synergotrone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“broccoli in the closed system of the synergotron forms a much higher aboveground biomass than Chinese cabbage”
e1“on the 4th day after sowing – by 37%”
Claim · model-written summary
Broccoli formed 75.4% higher aboveground biomass than Chinese cabbage on day 18 in the dark version.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Outcome
- aboveground biomasse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 75.4%e1
- Qualifier
- in the dark versione1
- Comparator
- Chinese cabbagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“broccoli in the closed system of the synergotron forms a much higher aboveground biomass than Chinese cabbage”
e1“on the 18th day – by 75.4% in the dark version”
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