Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) are the most widely used pesticides globally. Their persistence in soils and effects on non-target organisms have become a concern in agricultural and natural ecosystems. We experimentally studied, whether residues of GBH (Roundup Gold) or pure glyphosate in soils affect the germination or sprouting and growth of crop plants after the safety period. The seed germination of faba bean, oat and turnip rape, and sprouting of potato tubers was delayed in the greenhouse experiments in soils treated with GBH or with pure glyphosate. The total shoot biomass of faba bean was 28%, oat 29% and turnip rape 58% higher in control compared to GBH soils four weeks after sowing. In the beginning of the growing season, the plant growth in the field experiment supported the observations in the greenhouse experiment. However, at the end of the field experiment, potato shoot biomass was 25% and tuber biomass 14% greater in GBH soil compared to control soil. Potato tubers tended to gather low amounts of glyphosate (0.02 mg/kg) and its metabolite AMPA (0.07 mg/kg). Grazing by barnacle geese was three times higher in oats growing in the GBH soils compared to control oats in the field. Our results draw attention to complex indirect effects of GBH on crop plant seedling establishment and resistance to herbivores.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate residues in soil delayed seed germination of faba bean, oat and turnip rape in greenhouse experiments.
- Taxon
- faba bean, oat and turnip rapee1
- Treatment
- soils treated with GBH or with pure glyphosatee1
- Outcome
- seed germinatione1
- Direction
- delayede1
- Setting
- greenhouse experimentse1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“The seed germination of faba bean, oat and turnip rape, and sprouting of potato tubers was delayed in the greenhouse experiments in soils treated with GBH or with pure glyphosate”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate residues in soil delayed sprouting of potato tubers in greenhouse experiments.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosume1 - Treatment
- soils treated with GBH or with pure glyphosatee1
- Outcome
- sproutinge1
- Direction
- delayede1
- Setting
- greenhouse experimentse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The seed germination of faba bean, oat and turnip rape, and sprouting of potato tubers was delayed in the greenhouse experiments in soils treated with GBH or with pure glyphosate”
Claim · model-written summary
Faba bean shoot biomass was 28% higher in control than in GBH soils four weeks after sowing.
- Taxon
- faba bean
Vicia fabae2 - Treatment
- GBH soilse2
- Outcome
- total shoot biomasse2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 28%e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The total shoot biomass of faba bean was 28%, oat 29% and turnip rape 58% higher in control compared to GBH soils four weeks after sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Oat shoot biomass was 29% higher in control than in GBH soils four weeks after sowing.
- Taxon
- oat
Avena sativae2 - Treatment
- GBH soilse2
- Outcome
- total shoot biomasse2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 29%e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The total shoot biomass of faba bean was 28%, oat 29% and turnip rape 58% higher in control compared to GBH soils four weeks after sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Turnip rape shoot biomass was 58% higher in control than in GBH soils four weeks after sowing.
Verbatim
e2“The total shoot biomass of faba bean was 28%, oat 29% and turnip rape 58% higher in control compared to GBH soils four weeks after sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant growth in the field experiment supported the greenhouse observations at the start of the growing season.
Verbatim
t0“crop plant”
e3“In the beginning of the growing season, the plant growth in the field experiment supported the observations in the greenhouse experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Potato shoot biomass was 25% greater in GBH soil than in control soil at the end of the field experiment.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume4
- Treatment
- GBH soile4
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse4
- Direction
- greatere4
- Value
- 25%e4
- Comparator
- control soile4
- Setting
- field experimente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“However, at the end of the field experiment, potato shoot biomass was 25% and tuber biomass 14% greater in GBH soil compared to control soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Potato tuber biomass was 14% greater in GBH soil than in control soil at the end of the field experiment.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume4
- Treatment
- GBH soile4
- Outcome
- tuber biomasse4
- Direction
- greatere4
- Value
- 14%e4
- Comparator
- control soile4
- Setting
- field experimente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“However, at the end of the field experiment, potato shoot biomass was 25% and tuber biomass 14% greater in GBH soil compared to control soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Potato tubers gathered 0.02 mg/kg of glyphosate in the field experiment.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosume5
- Outcome
- amounts of glyphosatee5
- Value
- 0.02 mg/kge5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Potato tubers tended to gather low amounts of glyphosate (0.02 mg/kg) and its metabolite AMPA (0.07 mg/kg)”
Claim · model-written summary
Potato tubers gathered 0.07 mg/kg of the glyphosate metabolite AMPA.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosume5
- Outcome
- metabolite AMPAe5
- Value
- 0.07 mg/kge5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Potato tubers tended to gather low amounts of glyphosate (0.02 mg/kg) and its metabolite AMPA (0.07 mg/kg)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grazing by barnacle geese was three times higher in oats growing in GBH soils than in control oats in the field.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae6
- Treatment
- GBH soilse6
- Interactor
- barnacle geesee6herbivore
- Outcome
- Grazing by barnacle geesee6
- Direction
- highere6
- Value
- three timese6
- Comparator
- control oatse6
- Setting
- in the fielde6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Grazing by barnacle geese was three times higher in oats growing in the GBH soils compared to control oats in the field”
The same questions in other papers
glyphosate · quality: postharvest · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
herbicide · organism · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
herbicide · growth · Vicia faba (faba bean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
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7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
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See all 11 papers →herbicide · growth · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
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See all 17 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.