Abstract
TWO FIELD experiments were carried out at the farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafrelshiekh, Egypt, during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 faba bean growing seasons (Latitude 30º 48ˋ N, Longitude 31º 35ˋE). The trials studied integrated broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk.) control in faba bean cv. Giza 843 with nitrogen fertilizer, intercropping faba bean (Vicia faba L.) with oat (Avena sativa L.) or fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) and herbicides. Herbicide treatments were: 1- Untreated, 2- Glyphosate (48% WSC) at 36 g a.i./fed., (fed = feddan= 0.42 hectare),(once)., 3- Glyphosate (48% WSC) at 36 g a.i./fed. (twice)., 4- Imazapic (10 % EC) at 20 g a.i./fed. (once), 5- Imazapic (10 % EC) at 20 g a.i./fed. (twice). Sub-plots were assigned to faba bean (sole crop), intercropping (faba+ oats), (faba+ fenugreek) and nitrogen fertilizer with ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3). The two broomrape control herbicides substantially suppressed number and dry weight of broomrape spikes / m2 compared with untreated in both seasons. Foliar spray of Imazapic and Glyphosate twice on faba bean recorded a less number and dry weight of broomrape spikes / m2 than its spray one time. Spikes number and dry weight of broomrape parasite weed/m2 were significantly decrease in faba bean intercropped with fenugreek and oat or fertilized with nitrogen compared with sole faba bean in both seasons. Intercropping faba bean with fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) recorded the lowest number and dry weight of broomrape spikes/m2 followed by application of N fertilizer then oat in the two seasons. Foliar spray of Imazapic twice on faba bean intercropped with fenugreek recorded a less number and dry weight of broomrape spikes/m2. There were no significant differences in spikes number and dry weight of broomrape weed/m2 among application of fenugreek and oat or NH4NO3 with spraying Imazapic or Glyphosate twice in both seasons. The greatest reduction in number (>82%) and dry weight (> 90%) of broomrape spikes/m2 were obtained by application of fenugreek along with Imazapic herbicides twice in both seasons. Repeating foliar spray with either Imazapic or Glyphosate on faba bean plants resulted in a significant decrease in photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll) content in leaves compared with untreated treatment in both seasons. All photosynthetic pigments contents were significantly greater in leaves of faba bean fertilized by N fertilizer than in those of sole faba bean plants without N fertilizer or intercropped with fenugreek or oat in both seasons. Foliar spraying of the two herbicides once or twice on faba bean significantly increased plant height, number of branches and pods/plant, 100-seed weight, seed yield/plant, seed and biological yields/fed. of faba bean compared with untreated treatment in both seasons. Faba bean plants sprayed twice with of Imazapic herbicide significantly exceeded those sprayed once with Imazapic or Glyphosate herbicides in seed and biological yields as well as its attributes in both seasons. Faba been intercropped with fenugreek or fertilized with NH4NO3 produced significantly taller plants and greater seed and biological yields as well as its attributes than did sole faba bean without N fertilizer in both seasons. The combination of Imazapic herbicide twice and fenugreek recorded the highest seed yield, while sole faba bean plants without N fertilizer and untreated produced the lowest one in both seasons. It can be concluded that foliar spraying with Imazapic or Glyphosate twice on faba bean intercropped or fertilized with NH4NO3 could be recommended for optimum broomrape parasitic weed control and highest seed yield at Kafrelsheikh Governorate, Egypt.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Both herbicides suppressed broomrape spike number and dry weight relative to untreated plants.
- Taxon
- faba bean
Vicia fabae1 - Treatment
- broomrape control herbicidese0
- Interactor
- broomrapee0weed
- Outcome
- number and dry weight of broomrape spikes / m2e0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Comparator
- untreatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The two broomrape control herbicides substantially suppressed number and dry weight of broomrape spikes / m2 compared with untreated in both seasons”
e1“faba bean (Vicia faba L.) with oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Twice-applied herbicides reduced broomrape spike number and dry weight more than a single application.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- Imazapic and Glyphosate twicee0
- Interactor
- broomrapee0weed
- Outcome
- number and dry weight of broomrape spikes / m2e0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- spray one timee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray of Imazapic and Glyphosate twice on faba bean recorded a less number and dry weight of broomrape spikes / m2 than its spray one time”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping with fenugreek reduced broomrape spike number and dry weight versus sole faba bean.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- intercropped with fenugreeke0
- Interactor
- broomrapee0weed
- Outcome
- Spikes number and dry weight of broomrape parasite weed/m2e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- sole faba beane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spikes number and dry weight of broomrape parasite weed/m2 were significantly decrease in faba bean intercropped with fenugreek and oat or fertilized with nitrogen compared with sole faba bean in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping with oat reduced broomrape spike number and dry weight versus sole faba bean.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- oate0
- Interactor
- broomrapee0weed
- Outcome
- Spikes number and dry weight of broomrape parasite weed/m2e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- sole faba beane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spikes number and dry weight of broomrape parasite weed/m2 were significantly decrease in faba bean intercropped with fenugreek and oat or fertilized with nitrogen compared with sole faba bean in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer reduced broomrape spike number and dry weight versus sole faba bean.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- fertilized with nitrogene0
- Interactor
- broomrapee0weed
- Outcome
- Spikes number and dry weight of broomrape parasite weed/m2e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- sole faba beane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spikes number and dry weight of broomrape parasite weed/m2 were significantly decrease in faba bean intercropped with fenugreek and oat or fertilized with nitrogen compared with sole faba bean in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Fenugreek intercropping gave the lowest broomrape spike number and dry weight, followed by nitrogen and oat.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- fenugreeke0
- Interactor
- broomrapee0weed
- Outcome
- number and dry weight of broomrape spikes/m2e0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercropping faba bean with fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) recorded the lowest number and dry weight of broomrape spikes/m2 followed by application of N fertilizer then oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Twice-applied Imazapic with fenugreek intercropping reduced broomrape spike number and dry weight.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- Imazapic twicee0
- Interactor
- broomrapee0weed
- Outcome
- number and dry weight of broomrape spikes/m2e0
- Direction
- lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray of Imazapic twice on faba bean intercropped with fenugreek recorded a less number and dry weight of broomrape spikes/m2”
Claim · model-written summary
Fenugreek, oat and ammonium nitrate combined with twice-applied herbicides did not differ significantly in broomrape spikes.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae1
- Interactor
- broomrapee0weed
- Outcome
- spikes number and dry weight of broomrape weed/m2e0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no significant differences in spikes number and dry weight of broomrape weed/m2 among application of fenugreek and oat or NH4NO3 with spraying Imazapic or Glyphosate twice in both seasons”
e1“faba bean (Vicia faba L.) with oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fenugreek plus twice-applied Imazapic reduced broomrape spike number by more than 82%.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- fenugreek along with Imazapic herbicides twicee0
- Interactor
- broomrapee0weed
- Outcome
- numbere0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- >82%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest reduction in number (>82%) and dry weight (> 90%) of broomrape spikes/m2 were obtained by application of fenugreek along with Imazapic herbicides twice in both seasons”
e1“faba bean (Vicia faba L.) with oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fenugreek plus twice-applied Imazapic reduced broomrape spike dry weight by more than 90%.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- fenugreek along with Imazapic herbicides twicee0
- Interactor
- broomrapee0weed
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- > 90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest reduction in number (>82%) and dry weight (> 90%) of broomrape spikes/m2 were obtained by application of fenugreek along with Imazapic herbicides twice in both seasons”
e1“faba bean (Vicia faba L.) with oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Repeated Imazapic or Glyphosate decreased leaf photosynthetic pigments versus untreated plants.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Imazapic or Glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll) contente0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- untreated treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Repeating foliar spray with either Imazapic or Glyphosate on faba bean plants resulted in a significant decrease in photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll) content in leaves compared with untreated treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen-fertilized faba bean had greater leaf photosynthetic pigment content than sole or intercropped plants.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments contentse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- sole faba bean plants without N fertilizer or intercropped with fenugreek or oate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All photosynthetic pigments contents were significantly greater in leaves of faba bean fertilized by N fertilizer than in those of sole faba bean plants without N fertilizer or intercropped with fenugreek or oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar herbicides increased faba bean height, branches and pods versus untreated plants.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- two herbicides once or twicee0
- Outcome
- plant height, number of branches and pods/plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- untreated treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spraying of the two herbicides once or twice on faba bean significantly increased plant height, number of branches and pods/plant, 100-seed weight, seed yield/plant, seed and biological yields/fed. of faba bean compared with untreated treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar herbicides increased faba bean seed weight and yields versus untreated plants.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- two herbicides once or twicee0
- Outcome
- 100-seed weight, seed yield/plant, seed and biological yields/fed.e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- untreated treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spraying of the two herbicides once or twice on faba bean significantly increased plant height, number of branches and pods/plant, 100-seed weight, seed yield/plant, seed and biological yields/fed. of faba bean compared with untreated treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Twice-applied Imazapic exceeded single Imazapic or Glyphosate applications in faba bean yields and attributes.
- Taxon
- Faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- Imazapic herbicidee0
- Outcome
- seed and biological yields as well as its attributese0
- Direction
- exceedede0
- Comparator
- Imazapic or Glyphosate herbicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Faba bean plants sprayed twice with of Imazapic herbicide significantly exceeded those sprayed once with Imazapic or Glyphosate herbicides in seed and biological yields as well as its attributes”
Claim · model-written summary
Fenugreek intercropping increased faba bean height and yields compared with unfertilized sole cropping.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- intercropped with fenugreeke0
- Outcome
- taller plants and greater seed and biological yields as well as its attributese0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- sole faba bean without N fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Faba been intercropped with fenugreek or fertilized with NH4NO3 produced significantly taller plants and greater seed and biological yields as well as its attributes than did sole faba bean without N fertilizer”
e1“faba bean (Vicia faba L.) with oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrate fertilization increased faba bean height and yields compared with unfertilized sole cropping.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- fertilized with NH4NO3e0
- Outcome
- taller plants and greater seed and biological yields as well as its attributese0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- sole faba bean without N fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Faba been intercropped with fenugreek or fertilized with NH4NO3 produced significantly taller plants and greater seed and biological yields as well as its attributes than did sole faba bean without N fertilizer”
e1“faba bean (Vicia faba L.) with oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Twice-applied Imazapic with fenugreek gave the highest seed yield.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- Imazapic herbicide twice and fenugreeke0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of Imazapic herbicide twice and fenugreek recorded the highest seed yield, while sole faba bean plants without N fertilizer and untreated produced the lowest one”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated, unfertilized sole faba bean gave the lowest seed yield.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- without N fertilizer and untreatede0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of Imazapic herbicide twice and fenugreek recorded the highest seed yield, while sole faba bean plants without N fertilizer and untreated produced the lowest one”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend twice-applied Imazapic or Glyphosate with intercropping or ammonium nitrate for broomrape control and seed yield.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- Imazapic or Glyphosate twicee0
- Interactor
- broomrapee0weed
- Outcome
- optimum broomrape parasitic weed control and highest seed yielde0
- Setting
- Kafrelsheikh Governorate, Egypte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar spraying with Imazapic or Glyphosate twice on faba bean intercropped or fertilized with NH4NO3 could be recommended for optimum broomrape parasitic weed control and highest seed yield at Kafrelsheikh Governorate, Egypt”
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See all 176 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.