Abstract
The occurrence of shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes Orbonalis) commenced from 34th standard week (September third week) with an average infestation of 0.69% and then the population gradually increased and reached to its peak level by 41st standard week (October third week) with an average population of 5.95%. There after declined trend was observed as temperature decreased. It was found that the infestation of shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes Orbonalis) increased with increasing maximum temperature. Seven treatments i.e., Neem oil @2%, NSKE 5%, Beauveria bassiana, Pungam oil 2%, lluppai oil 2%, Neem leaf extract, Cypermethrin 10 EC, were evaluated against shoot and fruit borer, (Leucinodes Orbonalis). Minimum percent of shoot infestation, percent fruit infestation and B:C ratio were observed in Cypermethrin with (7.60%, 7.41% and 1:4.083) respectively which is followed by Pungam oil (8.21%, 8.27% and 1:3.913) < IIuppai oil (8.55%, 8.55% and 1:3.620) < NSKE (10.11%, 10.49% and 1:2.936) < Neem oil (10.55%, 10.01%, and 1:3.388) < Neem leaf extract (12.27%, 10.55% and 1:3.262) < Beauveria bassiana (16.44%, 14.11% and 1:3.116) < untreated control (water spray) (28.05%, 17.33% and 1:1.361) respectively.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot and fruit borer infestation began in the 34th standard week at 0.69%.
- Taxon
- Brinjal
Solanum melongenat0 - Interactor
- Leucinodes Orbonalis
Leucinodes orbonalise0pest - Outcome
- average infestatione0
- Value
- 0.69%e0
- Qualifier
- 34th standard week (September third week)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“occurrence of shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes Orbonalis) commenced from 34th standard week (September third week) with an average infestation of 0.69%”
t0“Brinjal”
Claim · model-written summary
Borer population peaked in the 41st standard week at 5.95%.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Interactor
- Leucinodes OrbonalisLeucinodes orbonalise1pest
- Outcome
- average populatione0
- Direction
- peake0
- Value
- 5.95%e0
- Qualifier
- 41st standard week (October third week)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“population gradually increased and reached to its peak level by 41st standard week (October third week) with an average population of 5.95%”
e1“shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes Orbonalis) commenced”
t0“Brinjal”
Claim · model-written summary
Borer population declined as temperature decreased.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Interactor
- Leucinodes OrbonalisLeucinodes orbonalise1pest
- Outcome
- declined trende0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Qualifier
- temperature decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There after declined trend was observed as temperature decreased.”
e1“shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes Orbonalis) commenced”
t0“Brinjal”
Claim · model-written summary
Borer infestation increased with higher maximum temperature.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Interactor
- Leucinodes OrbonalisLeucinodes orbonalise0pest
- Outcome
- infestation of shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes Orbonalis)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- increasing maximum temperaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“infestation of shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes Orbonalis) increased with increasing maximum temperature”
t0“Brinjal”
Claim · model-written summary
Cypermethrin had 7.60% shoot infestation.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Cypermethrine0
- Interactor
- Leucinodes OrbonalisLeucinodes orbonalise2pest
- Outcome
- percent of shoot infestatione0
- Direction
- Minimume0
- Value
- 7.60%e0
- Comparator
- untreated control (water spray)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Minimum percent of shoot infestation, percent fruit infestation and B:C ratio were observed in Cypermethrin with (7.60%, 7.41% and 1:4.083) respectively”
e1“untreated control (water spray) (28.05%, 17.33% and 1:1.361)”
e2“shoot and fruit borer, (Leucinodes Orbonalis)”
t0“Brinjal”
Claim · model-written summary
Cypermethrin had 7.41% fruit infestation.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Cypermethrine0
- Interactor
- Leucinodes OrbonalisLeucinodes orbonalise2pest
- Outcome
- percent fruit infestatione0
- Direction
- Minimume0
- Value
- 7.41%e0
- Comparator
- untreated control (water spray)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Minimum percent of shoot infestation, percent fruit infestation and B:C ratio were observed in Cypermethrin with (7.60%, 7.41% and 1:4.083) respectively”
e1“untreated control (water spray) (28.05%, 17.33% and 1:1.361)”
e2“shoot and fruit borer, (Leucinodes Orbonalis)”
t0“Brinjal”
Claim · model-written summary
Cypermethrin had a benefit to cost ratio of 1:4.083.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Cypermethrine0
- Outcome
- B:C ratioe0
- Value
- 1:4.083e0
- Comparator
- untreated control (water spray)e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Minimum percent of shoot infestation, percent fruit infestation and B:C ratio were observed in Cypermethrin with (7.60%, 7.41% and 1:4.083) respectively”
e1“untreated control (water spray) (28.05%, 17.33% and 1:1.361)”
t0“Brinjal”
Claim · model-written summary
Pungam oil produced 8.21% shoot infestation.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Pungam oile0
- Interactor
- Leucinodes OrbonalisLeucinodes orbonalise3pest
- Outcome
- percent of shoot infestatione1
- Value
- 8.21%e0
- Comparator
- untreated control (water spray)e2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pungam oil (8.21%, 8.27% and 1:3.913)”
e1“percent of shoot infestation, percent fruit infestation and B:C ratio”
e2“untreated control (water spray) (28.05%, 17.33% and 1:1.361)”
e3“shoot and fruit borer, (Leucinodes Orbonalis)”
t0“Brinjal”
Claim · model-written summary
Pungam oil produced 8.27% fruit infestation.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Pungam oile0
- Interactor
- Leucinodes OrbonalisLeucinodes orbonalise3pest
- Outcome
- percent fruit infestatione1
- Value
- 8.27%e0
- Comparator
- untreated control (water spray)e2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pungam oil (8.21%, 8.27% and 1:3.913)”
e1“percent of shoot infestation, percent fruit infestation and B:C ratio”
e2“untreated control (water spray) (28.05%, 17.33% and 1:1.361)”
e3“shoot and fruit borer, (Leucinodes Orbonalis)”
t0“Brinjal”
Claim · model-written summary
Pungam oil produced a benefit to cost ratio of 1:3.913.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Pungam oile0
- Outcome
- B:C ratioe1
- Value
- 1:3.913e0
- Comparator
- untreated control (water spray)e2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pungam oil (8.21%, 8.27% and 1:3.913)”
e1“B:C ratio”
e2“untreated control (water spray) (28.05%, 17.33% and 1:1.361)”
t0“Brinjal”
Claim · model-written summary
Iluppai oil produced 8.55% shoot infestation.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- IIuppai oile0
- Interactor
- Leucinodes OrbonalisLeucinodes orbonalise3pest
- Outcome
- percent of shoot infestatione1
- Value
- 8.55%e0
- Comparator
- untreated control (water spray)e2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IIuppai oil (8.55%, 8.55% and 1:3.620)”
e1“percent of shoot infestation”
e2“untreated control (water spray) (28.05%, 17.33% and 1:1.361)”
e3“shoot and fruit borer, (Leucinodes Orbonalis)”
t0“Brinjal”
Claim · model-written summary
Iluppai oil produced 8.55% fruit infestation and a benefit to cost ratio of 1:3.620.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- IIuppai oile0
- Interactor
- Leucinodes OrbonalisLeucinodes orbonalise3pest
- Outcome
- percent fruit infestatione1
- Value
- 8.55%e0
- Qualifier
- 1:3.620e0
- Comparator
- untreated control (water spray)e2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IIuppai oil (8.55%, 8.55% and 1:3.620)”
e1“percent fruit infestation and B:C ratio”
e2“untreated control (water spray) (28.05%, 17.33% and 1:1.361)”
e3“shoot and fruit borer, (Leucinodes Orbonalis)”
t0“Brinjal”
Claim · model-written summary
NSKE produced 10.11% shoot infestation.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- NSKEe0
- Interactor
- Leucinodes OrbonalisLeucinodes orbonalise3pest
- Outcome
- percent of shoot infestatione1
- Value
- 10.11%e0
- Comparator
- untreated control (water spray)e2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NSKE (10.11%, 10.49% and 1:2.936)”
e1“percent of shoot infestation”
e2“untreated control (water spray) (28.05%, 17.33% and 1:1.361)”
e3“shoot and fruit borer, (Leucinodes Orbonalis)”
t0“Brinjal”
Claim · model-written summary
NSKE produced 10.49% fruit infestation and a benefit to cost ratio of 1:2.936.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- NSKEe0
- Interactor
- Leucinodes OrbonalisLeucinodes orbonalise3pest
- Outcome
- percent fruit infestatione1
- Value
- 10.49%e0
- Qualifier
- 1:2.936e0
- Comparator
- untreated control (water spray)e2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NSKE (10.11%, 10.49% and 1:2.936)”
e1“percent fruit infestation and B:C ratio”
e2“untreated control (water spray) (28.05%, 17.33% and 1:1.361)”
e3“shoot and fruit borer, (Leucinodes Orbonalis)”
t0“Brinjal”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem oil produced 10.55% shoot infestation.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Neem oile0
- Interactor
- Leucinodes OrbonalisLeucinodes orbonalise3pest
- Outcome
- percent of shoot infestatione1
- Value
- 10.55%e0
- Comparator
- untreated control (water spray)e2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neem oil (10.55%, 10.01%, and 1:3.388)”
e1“percent of shoot infestation”
e2“untreated control (water spray) (28.05%, 17.33% and 1:1.361)”
e3“shoot and fruit borer, (Leucinodes Orbonalis)”
t0“Brinjal”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem oil produced 10.01% fruit infestation and a benefit to cost ratio of 1:3.388.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Neem oile0
- Interactor
- Leucinodes OrbonalisLeucinodes orbonalise3pest
- Outcome
- percent fruit infestatione1
- Value
- 10.01%e0
- Qualifier
- 1:3.388e0
- Comparator
- untreated control (water spray)e2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neem oil (10.55%, 10.01%, and 1:3.388)”
e1“percent fruit infestation and B:C ratio”
e2“untreated control (water spray) (28.05%, 17.33% and 1:1.361)”
e3“shoot and fruit borer, (Leucinodes Orbonalis)”
t0“Brinjal”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem leaf extract produced 12.27% shoot infestation.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Neem leaf extracte0
- Interactor
- Leucinodes OrbonalisLeucinodes orbonalise3pest
- Outcome
- percent of shoot infestatione1
- Value
- 12.27%e0
- Comparator
- untreated control (water spray)e2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neem leaf extract (12.27%, 10.55% and 1:3.262)”
e1“percent of shoot infestation”
e2“untreated control (water spray) (28.05%, 17.33% and 1:1.361)”
e3“shoot and fruit borer, (Leucinodes Orbonalis)”
t0“Brinjal”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem leaf extract produced 10.55% fruit infestation and a benefit to cost ratio of 1:3.262.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Neem leaf extracte0
- Interactor
- Leucinodes OrbonalisLeucinodes orbonalise3pest
- Outcome
- percent fruit infestatione1
- Value
- 10.55%e0
- Qualifier
- 1:3.262e0
- Comparator
- untreated control (water spray)e2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neem leaf extract (12.27%, 10.55% and 1:3.262)”
e1“percent fruit infestation and B:C ratio”
e2“untreated control (water spray) (28.05%, 17.33% and 1:1.361)”
e3“shoot and fruit borer, (Leucinodes Orbonalis)”
t0“Brinjal”
Claim · model-written summary
Beauveria bassiana produced 16.44% shoot infestation.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Beauveria bassianae0
- Interactor
- Leucinodes OrbonalisLeucinodes orbonalise3pest
- Second interactor
- Beauveria bassiana
Beauveria bassianae0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- percent of shoot infestatione1
- Value
- 16.44%e0
- Comparator
- untreated control (water spray)e2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Beauveria bassiana (16.44%, 14.11% and 1:3.116)”
e1“percent of shoot infestation”
e2“untreated control (water spray) (28.05%, 17.33% and 1:1.361)”
e3“shoot and fruit borer, (Leucinodes Orbonalis)”
t0“Brinjal”
Claim · model-written summary
Beauveria bassiana produced 14.11% fruit infestation and a benefit to cost ratio of 1:3.116.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Beauveria bassianae0
- Interactor
- Leucinodes OrbonalisLeucinodes orbonalise3pest
- Second interactor
- Beauveria bassianaBeauveria bassianae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- percent fruit infestatione1
- Value
- 14.11%e0
- Qualifier
- 1:3.116e0
- Comparator
- untreated control (water spray)e2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Beauveria bassiana (16.44%, 14.11% and 1:3.116)”
e1“percent fruit infestation and B:C ratio”
e2“untreated control (water spray) (28.05%, 17.33% and 1:1.361)”
e3“shoot and fruit borer, (Leucinodes Orbonalis)”
t0“Brinjal”
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