Abstract
Investigations were carried out to assess the field efficacy, economic viability and reasons for non adoption of alternative IPM tools vis a vis pesticides against brinjal shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guen.) in Orissa, India. Egg parasite, Trichogramma chilonis alone or in combination with Bracon hebetor did not have much impact on brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB). Neem (Azadirachtin) based products such as Multineem, neem seed kernel extract (NSKE), neem oil and neem cake were found ineffective against BSFB. Mass trapping alone or in conjunction with neem oil, neem cake, and neem oil soaked gunny cloths resulted in poor improvement over untreated plots. Mass trapping + neem oil spray + shoot clipping gave significantly higher protection resulting in 38.0 per cent improvement over untreated plots, but damage was still high as against pesticide treated plots. The most effective treatment was cypermethrin @30 g a.i./ha against the pest, which was superior to any of the IPM tools or their combinations tested in present experiments. Chemical control recorded highest protected yield (132.5 q/ha), additional income (Rs.53760/ha) and cost benefit ratio (1:5.3). Mass trapping supplemented with neem spray and clipping was second in order to fetch higher protected yield (55.2q/ha), additional income (Rs.8090/ha), the cost: benefit ratio was lower (1:1.4) than other less effective treatments. Nylon net barrier+ clipping recorded less improvement in pest damage over control but yielded highest pesticide free marketable yield.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Trichogramma chilonis alone had little effect on brinjal borer.
- Taxon
- brinjal
Solanum melongenae0 - Treatment
- Trichogramma chilonis alonee0
- Interactor
- Trichogramma chilonis
_Figure_2b.png?width=60)
Trichogramma chilonise0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB)e0
- Direction
- did not have much impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Figure_2b.png?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Egg parasite, Trichogramma chilonis alone or in combination with Bracon hebetor did not have much impact on brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB)”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichogramma chilonis with Bracon hebetor had little effect on brinjal borer.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- Trichogramma chilonis alone or in combination with Bracon hebetore0
- Interactor
- Trichogramma chilonisTrichogramma chilonise0biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- Bracon hebetor
Habrobracon hebetore0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB)e0
- Direction
- did not have much impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Egg parasite, Trichogramma chilonis alone or in combination with Bracon hebetor did not have much impact on brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB)”
Claim · model-written summary
Multineem was ineffective against brinjal borer.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Multineeme0
- Interactor
- Leucinodes orbonalis
Leucinodes orbonalist0pest - Outcome
- BSFBe0
- Direction
- ineffectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neem (Azadirachtin) based products such as Multineem, neem seed kernel extract (NSKE), neem oil and neem cake were found ineffective against BSFB”
t0“Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer, Leucinodes orbonalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem seed kernel extract was ineffective against brinjal borer.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- neem seed kernel extract (NSKE)e0
- Interactor
- Leucinodes orbonalisLeucinodes orbonalist0pest
- Outcome
- BSFBe0
- Direction
- ineffectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neem (Azadirachtin) based products such as Multineem, neem seed kernel extract (NSKE), neem oil and neem cake were found ineffective against BSFB”
t0“Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer, Leucinodes orbonalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem oil was ineffective against brinjal borer.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- neem oile0
- Interactor
- Leucinodes orbonalisLeucinodes orbonalist0pest
- Outcome
- BSFBe0
- Direction
- ineffectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neem (Azadirachtin) based products such as Multineem, neem seed kernel extract (NSKE), neem oil and neem cake were found ineffective against BSFB”
t0“Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer, Leucinodes orbonalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem cake was ineffective against brinjal borer.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- neem cakee0
- Interactor
- Leucinodes orbonalisLeucinodes orbonalist0pest
- Outcome
- BSFBe0
- Direction
- ineffectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neem (Azadirachtin) based products such as Multineem, neem seed kernel extract (NSKE), neem oil and neem cake were found ineffective against BSFB”
t0“Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer, Leucinodes orbonalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Mass trapping alone gave little improvement over untreated brinjal plots.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Mass trapping alonee0
- Interactor
- Leucinodes orbonalisLeucinodes orbonalist0pest
- Outcome
- improvemente0
- Direction
- poor improvemente0
- Comparator
- untreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mass trapping alone or in conjunction with neem oil, neem cake, and neem oil soaked gunny cloths resulted in poor improvement over untreated plots”
t0“Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer, Leucinodes orbonalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Mass trapping with neem oil, neem cake and soaked gunny cloths gave little improvement over untreated plots.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- in conjunction with neem oil, neem cake, and neem oil soaked gunny clothse0
- Interactor
- Leucinodes orbonalisLeucinodes orbonalist0pest
- Outcome
- improvemente0
- Direction
- poor improvemente0
- Comparator
- untreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mass trapping alone or in conjunction with neem oil, neem cake, and neem oil soaked gunny cloths resulted in poor improvement over untreated plots”
t0“Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer, Leucinodes orbonalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Mass trapping, neem oil spray and shoot clipping significantly improved protection 38.0 per cent over untreated plots, although damage remained high relative to pesticide plots.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Mass trapping + neem oil spray + shoot clippinge0
- Interactor
- Leucinodes orbonalisLeucinodes orbonalist0pest
- Outcome
- protectione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 38.0 per cente0
- Qualifier
- damage was still high as against pesticide treated plotse0
- Comparator
- untreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mass trapping + neem oil spray + shoot clipping gave significantly higher protection resulting in 38.0 per cent improvement over untreated plots, but damage was still high as against pesticide treated plots”
t0“Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer, Leucinodes orbonalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Cypermethrin was the most effective borer treatment, exceeding every tested IPM tool or combination.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- cypermethrin @30 g a.i./hae0
- Interactor
- Leucinodes orbonalisLeucinodes orbonalist0pest
- Outcome
- most effective treatmente0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- IPM tools or their combinationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most effective treatment was cypermethrin @30 g a.i./ha against the pest, which was superior to any of the IPM tools or their combinations tested in present experiments”
t0“Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer, Leucinodes orbonalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical control achieved the highest protected yield, 132.5 q/ha.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Chemical controle0
- Outcome
- protected yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 132.5 q/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chemical control recorded highest protected yield (132.5 q/ha)”
t0“Brinjal”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical control achieved the highest additional income, Rs.53760/ha.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Chemical controle0
- Outcome
- additional incomee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- Rs.53760/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chemical control recorded highest protected yield (132.5 q/ha), additional income (Rs.53760/ha) and cost benefit ratio (1:5.3)”
t0“Brinjal”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical control yielded a cost benefit ratio of 1:5.3.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Chemical controle0
- Outcome
- cost benefit ratioe0
- Value
- 1:5.3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chemical control recorded highest protected yield (132.5 q/ha), additional income (Rs.53760/ha) and cost benefit ratio (1:5.3)”
t0“Brinjal”
Claim · model-written summary
Mass trapping with neem spray and clipping gave the second highest protected yield, 55.2q/ha.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Mass trapping supplemented with neem spray and clippinge0
- Outcome
- protected yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 55.2q/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mass trapping supplemented with neem spray and clipping was second in order to fetch higher protected yield (55.2q/ha)”
t0“Brinjal”
Claim · model-written summary
Mass trapping with neem spray and clipping produced additional income of Rs.8090/ha.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Mass trapping supplemented with neem spray and clippinge0
- Outcome
- additional incomee0
- Value
- Rs.8090/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mass trapping supplemented with neem spray and clipping was second in order to fetch higher protected yield (55.2q/ha), additional income (Rs.8090/ha)”
t0“Brinjal”
Claim · model-written summary
Mass trapping with neem spray and clipping had a 1:1.4 cost benefit ratio, lower than less effective treatments.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Mass trapping supplemented with neem spray and clippinge1
- Outcome
- cost: benefit ratioe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 1:1.4e0
- Comparator
- other less effective treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the cost: benefit ratio was lower (1:1.4) than other less effective treatments”
e1“Mass trapping supplemented with neem spray and clipping”
t0“Brinjal”
Claim · model-written summary
Nylon net barrier with clipping produced little pest damage improvement over control.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Nylon net barrier+ clippinge0
- Interactor
- Leucinodes orbonalisLeucinodes orbonalist0pest
- Outcome
- pest damagee0
- Direction
- less improvemente0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nylon net barrier+ clipping recorded less improvement in pest damage over control but yielded highest pesticide free marketable yield”
t0“Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer, Leucinodes orbonalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Nylon net barrier with clipping gave the highest pesticide free marketable yield.
- Taxon
- BrinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Nylon net barrier+ clippinge0
- Outcome
- pesticide free marketable yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nylon net barrier+ clipping recorded less improvement in pest damage over control but yielded highest pesticide free marketable yield”
t0“Brinjal”
The same questions in other papers
Trichogramma chilonis · organism · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
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- positive
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14 papers in the same direction as this paper
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- no effect
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- negative
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See all 44 papers →application · yield · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Positive and negative results
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- negative
- no effect
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See all 77 papers →8 of 13 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.