Abstract
A yellow callus strain was established from hypocotyls of a halophilic mangrove plant, Avicennia alba, by subculture in the dark. Allelopathic activities of yellow A. alba callus were assayed using recipient lettuce protoplasts at three growth stages by the protoplast co-culture method with digital image analysis. The protoplast cultures of yellow A. alba callus were halophilic to NaCl, KCl, and MgCl2 (up to 200 mM) but not to CaCl2. By contrast, NaCl and KCl inhibited the growth of non-salt-tolerant lettuce protoplasts, while CaCl2 and MgCl2 stimulated their growth at low concentrations. Highly salt-tolerant or halophilic mangrove plant cells were expected to have low allelopathic activity, but the protoplasts of yellow A. alba callus had very strong allelopathic activity. The inhibition was strongest at the cell division stage with growth being inhibited to 50% and 9% of the control by 104 mL-1 and 5 × 104 mL-1 of A. alba, respectively. There was less inhibition at the yellow pigment accumulation stage of lettuce. Stimulation was observed at the early cell wall formation stage with up to 105 mL-1 of A. alba. The yellow pigment of yellow A. alba callus was extracted with hexane and its absorption spectrum showed the wavelength peaks of a carotenoid, neoxanthin. Using transmission electron microscopy, specific electron-dense structures were found in yellow A. alba callus, which were similar to the undeveloped ultrastructure of a carotenoid. A carotenoid was strongly suggested to be the putative allelochemical in yellow callus of A. alba.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Yellow Avicennia callus was halophilic to sodium, potassium and magnesium chlorides up to 200 mM.
- Taxon
- A. alba
Avicennia albae0 - Outcome
- halophilic to NaCl, KCl, and MgCl2e0
- Value
- 200 mMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The protoplast cultures of yellow A. alba callus were halophilic to NaCl, KCl, and MgCl2 (up to 200 mM) but not to CaCl2.”
Claim · model-written summary
Yellow Avicennia callus was not halophilic to calcium chloride.
- Taxon
- A. albaAvicennia albae0
- Outcome
- not to CaCl2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The protoplast cultures of yellow A. alba callus were halophilic to NaCl, KCl, and MgCl2 (up to 200 mM) but not to CaCl2.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium and potassium chlorides inhibited lettuce protoplast growth.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae0 - Treatment
- NaCl and KCle0
- Outcome
- growth of non-salt-tolerant lettuce protoplastse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl and KCl inhibited the growth of non-salt-tolerant lettuce protoplasts”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium and magnesium chlorides stimulated lettuce protoplast growth at low concentration.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- CaCl2 and MgCl2e0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CaCl2 and MgCl2 stimulated their growth at low concentrations.”
t0“recipient lettuce protoplasts at three growth stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Yellow Avicennia callus protoplasts had very strong allelopathic activity.
- Taxon
- A. albaAvicennia albae0
- Interactor
- lettuceLactuca sativat0othere0
- Outcome
- very strong allelopathic activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the protoplasts of yellow A. alba callus had very strong allelopathic activity.”
t0“recipient lettuce protoplasts at three growth stages”
Claim · model-written summary
At cell division, 104 mL-1 A. alba inhibited lettuce growth to 50% of control.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 104 mL-1e0
- Interactor
- A. albaAvicennia albae0other
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inhibition was strongest at the cell division stage with growth being inhibited to 50% and 9% of the control by 104 mL-1 and 5 × 104 mL-1 of A. alba, respectively.”
t0“recipient lettuce protoplasts at three growth stages”
Claim · model-written summary
At cell division, 5 × 104 mL-1 A. alba inhibited lettuce growth to 9% of control.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 5 × 104 mL-1e0
- Interactor
- A. albaAvicennia albae0other
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 9%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inhibition was strongest at the cell division stage with growth being inhibited to 50% and 9% of the control by 104 mL-1 and 5 × 104 mL-1 of A. alba, respectively.”
t0“recipient lettuce protoplasts at three growth stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibition was weaker at lettuce yellow pigment accumulation.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Organ / stage
- yellow pigment accumulation stagee0
- Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- lesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was less inhibition at the yellow pigment accumulation stage of lettuce.”
Claim · model-written summary
Avicennia stimulated lettuce at early cell wall formation.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- up to 105 mL-1 of A. albae0
- Interactor
- A. albaAvicennia albae0other
- Outcome
- Stimulatione0
- Direction
- Stimulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stimulation was observed at the early cell wall formation stage with up to 105 mL-1 of A. alba.”
t0“recipient lettuce protoplasts at three growth stages”
Claim · model-written summary
The yellow pigment spectrum had peaks of neoxanthin.
- Taxon
- A. albaAvicennia albat0
- Outcome
- wavelength peaks of a carotenoid, neoxanthine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“its absorption spectrum showed the wavelength peaks of a carotenoid, neoxanthin.”
t0“The yellow pigment of yellow A. alba callus was extracted with hexane”
Claim · model-written summary
Electron microscopy found electron-dense structures in yellow A. alba callus resembling undeveloped carotenoid ultrastructure.
- Taxon
- A. albaAvicennia albae0
- Outcome
- specific electron-dense structurese0
- Qualifier
- similar to the undeveloped ultrastructure of a carotenoide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“specific electron-dense structures were found in yellow A. alba callus, which were similar to the undeveloped ultrastructure of a carotenoid.”
Claim · model-written summary
A carotenoid was proposed as the allelochemical of yellow A. alba callus.
- Taxon
- A. albaAvicennia albae0
- Compound
- A carotenoide0
- Outcome
- putative allelochemicale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A carotenoid was strongly suggested to be the putative allelochemical in yellow callus of A. alba.”
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- negative
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See all 5 papers →magnesium dichloride · growth · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Results agree
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- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.