Abstract
This study is undertaken to elucidate the role of trehalose (Tre) in mitigating oxidative stress under salinity and low P in maize. Eight-day-old maize seedlings of two maize varieties, BARI Hybrid Maize-7 and BARI Hybrid Maize-9, were subjected to salinity (150 mM NaCl), low P (5 µM KH2PO4) and their combined stress with or without 10 mM Tre for 15 d. Salinity and combined stress significantly inhibited the shoot length, root length, and root volume, whereas low P increased the root length and volume in both genotypes. Exogenous Tre in the stress treatments increased all of the growth parameters as well as decreased the salinity, low P, and combined stress-mediated Na+/K+, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, and methylglyoxal (MG) in both genotypes. Individually, salinity and low P increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in both genotypes, but combined stress decreased the activity. Peroxidase (POD) activity increased in all stress treatments. Interestingly, Tre application enhanced the SOD activity in all the stress treatments but inhibited the POD activity. Both catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity were increased by saline and low P stress while the activities inhibited in combined stress. Similar results were found for ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GR), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activities in both genotypes. However, monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) activity was inhibited in all the stresses. Interestingly, Tre enhanced CAT, APX, GPX, GR, MDHAR, and DHAR activities suggesting the amelioration of ROS scavenging in maize under all the stresses. Conversely, increased glyoxalase activities in saline and low P stress in BHM-9 suggested better MG detoxification system because of the down-regulation of glyoxalase-I (Gly-I) activity in BHM-7 in those stresses. Tre also increased the glyoxalase activities in both genotypes under all the stresses. Tre improved the growth in maize seedlings by decreasing Na+/K+, ROS, MDA, and MG through regulating antioxidant and glyoxalase systems.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity and combined stress inhibited shoot length, root length and root volume in both genotypes.
- Treatment
- Salinity and combined stresse0
- Outcome
- shoot length, root length, and root volumee0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity and combined stress significantly inhibited the shoot length, root length, and root volume”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphorus increased root length and volume in both genotypes.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low P increased the root length and volume in both genotypes”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose increased growth parameters under stress.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous Tre in the stress treatments increased all of the growth parameters”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose decreased sodium-to-potassium ratio, reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde under stress.
- Treatment
- salinity, low P, and combined stresse0
- Outcome
- Na+/K+, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased the salinity, low P, and combined stress-mediated Na+/K+, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, and methylglyoxal (MG)”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose decreased lipoxygenase activity and methylglyoxal under stress.
- Treatment
- salinity, low P, and combined stresse0
- Outcome
- lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, and methylglyoxal (MG)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased the salinity, low P, and combined stress-mediated Na+/K+, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, and methylglyoxal (MG)”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity and low phosphorus increased superoxide dismutase activity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity and low P increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined stress decreased superoxide dismutase activity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined stress decreased the activity”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Peroxidase activity increased under all stress treatments.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Peroxidase (POD) activity increased in all stress treatments”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose enhanced superoxide dismutase activity under all stresses.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tre application enhanced the SOD activity in all the stress treatments”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose inhibited peroxidase activity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tre application enhanced the SOD activity in all the stress treatments but inhibited the POD activity”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline and low-phosphorus stress increased catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity.
- Treatment
- saline and low P stresse0
- Outcome
- catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity were increased by saline and low P stress”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined stress inhibited catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activities inhibited in combined stress”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
All stresses inhibited monodehydroascorbate reductase activity.
- Treatment
- all the stressese0
- Outcome
- monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) activitye0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) activity was inhibited in all the stresses”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose enhanced catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase activities.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tre enhanced CAT, APX, GPX, GR, MDHAR, and DHAR activities”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose enhanced glutathione reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase and dehydroascorbate reductase activities.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tre enhanced CAT, APX, GPX, GR, MDHAR, and DHAR activities”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline and low phosphorus stress increased glyoxalase activities in BHM-9.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased glyoxalase activities in saline and low P stress in BHM-9”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline and low phosphorus stress downregulated glyoxalase-I activity in BHM-7.
- Material
- BHM-7e0
- Treatment
- those stressese0
- Outcome
- glyoxalase-I (Gly-I) activitye0
- Direction
- down-regulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“down-regulation of glyoxalase-I (Gly-I) activity in BHM-7 in those stresses”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose increased glyoxalase activity in both genotypes under all stresses.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tre also increased the glyoxalase activities in both genotypes under all the stresses”
t0“Maize”
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