Abstract
Abstract The effect of nitrogen rate and weed control treatments on the quantitative and qualitative yield of Sugar beet was studied at a private farm on the Oran Kohne River near Joghatai, Razavi Khorasn province, Iran in 2015. This experiment was carried out following a split plot design with three replications. Factors were the rate of nitrogen application and the control of weeds. The nitrogen rates were one and two times the recommended dose (200 kg N ha–1). Weed control treatments consisted of (1) a weedy check, (2) hand-hoeing twice, 3 and 6 weeks after sugar beet emergence (WAE), (3) hand-hoeing three times, at 3, 6 and 9 WAE, (4) post emergence application of the Phenmedipham+Ethofumesate+Desmedipham (Betanal progress OF) at 3 WAE + one hoeing at 6 WAE and (5) one hoeing at 3 WAE + Betanal progress OF application at 6 WAE. The increase in the amount of nitrogen reduced the density of the weeds, the impure sugar content while increasing the yield of the root, the yield of sugar, the content of a-amino and sodium. The dry weight of the weed, the sugar content in the molasses and the potassium content were not affected by the amount of nitrogen. The results showed that weed management treatments had a significant effect on all traits, except for the sodium content. In “weedy” treatment, weed density and weed dry weight were 41% and 60% higher than in the other weed control treatments, respectively. Weed interference decreased root yield (62%), sugar content (31%) and sugar yield (76%). In general, all weed control treatments improved root yield compared to the non-weeded check. However, the highest yields of root and sugar were obtained by hand hoeing three times at 3, 6 and 9 weeks after the emergence of the sugar beet.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen reduced weed density.
- Taxon
- Sugar Beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0 - Treatment
- increase in the amount of nitrogene0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- density of the weedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in the amount of nitrogen reduced the density of the weeds”
t0“Sugar Beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen reduced impure sugar content.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- increase in the amount of nitrogene0
- Outcome
- impure sugar contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in the amount of nitrogen reduced the density of the weeds, the impure sugar content”
t0“Sugar Beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen increased root yield.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- increase in the amount of nitrogene0
- Outcome
- yield of the roote0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in the amount of nitrogen reduced the density of the weeds, the impure sugar content while increasing the yield of the root, the yield of sugar, the content of a-amino and sodium.”
t0“Sugar Beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen increased sugar yield.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- increase in the amount of nitrogene0
- Outcome
- yield of sugare0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in the amount of nitrogen reduced the density of the weeds, the impure sugar content while increasing the yield of the root, the yield of sugar, the content of a-amino and sodium.”
t0“Sugar Beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen increased a-amino content.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- increase in the amount of nitrogene0
- Outcome
- content of a-aminoe0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in the amount of nitrogen reduced the density of the weeds, the impure sugar content while increasing the yield of the root, the yield of sugar, the content of a-amino and sodium.”
t0“Sugar Beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen increased sodium content.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- increase in the amount of nitrogene0
- Outcome
- sodiume0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in the amount of nitrogen reduced the density of the weeds, the impure sugar content while increasing the yield of the root, the yield of sugar, the content of a-amino and sodium.”
t0“Sugar Beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen amount did not affect weed dry weight.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- amount of nitrogene0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- dry weight of the weede0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The dry weight of the weed, the sugar content in the molasses and the potassium content were not affected by the amount of nitrogen.”
t0“Sugar Beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen amount did not affect sugar content in molasses.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- amount of nitrogene0
- Outcome
- sugar content in the molassese0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The dry weight of the weed, the sugar content in the molasses and the potassium content were not affected by the amount of nitrogen.”
t0“Sugar Beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen amount did not affect potassium content.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- amount of nitrogene0
- Outcome
- potassium contente0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The dry weight of the weed, the sugar content in the molasses and the potassium content were not affected by the amount of nitrogen.”
t0“Sugar Beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed management treatments significantly affected all measured traits except sodium content.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- weed management treatmentse0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- all traits, except for the sodium contente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed management treatments had a significant effect on all traits, except for the sodium content.”
t0“Sugar Beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium content was the exception to significant weed management effects.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- weed management treatmentse0
- Outcome
- sodium contente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed management treatments had a significant effect on all traits, except for the sodium content.”
t0“Sugar Beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Weedy plots had 41% higher weed density than other weed control treatments.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- “weedy” treatmente0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 41%e0
- Comparator
- other weed control treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In “weedy” treatment, weed density and weed dry weight were 41% and 60% higher than in the other weed control treatments, respectively.”
t0“Sugar Beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Weedy plots had 60% higher weed dry weight than other weed control treatments.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- “weedy” treatmente0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed dry weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 60%e0
- Comparator
- other weed control treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In “weedy” treatment, weed density and weed dry weight were 41% and 60% higher than in the other weed control treatments, respectively.”
t0“Sugar Beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed interference reduced root yield by 62%.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Weed interferencee0
- Interactor
- Weede0weed
- Outcome
- root yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 62%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed interference decreased root yield (62%), sugar content (31%) and sugar yield (76%).”
t0“Sugar Beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed interference reduced sugar content by 31%.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Weed interferencee0
- Interactor
- Weede0weed
- Outcome
- sugar contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 31%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed interference decreased root yield (62%), sugar content (31%) and sugar yield (76%).”
t0“Sugar Beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed interference reduced sugar yield by 76%.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Weed interferencee0
- Interactor
- Weede0weed
- Outcome
- sugar yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 76%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed interference decreased root yield (62%), sugar content (31%) and sugar yield (76%).”
t0“Sugar Beet”
Claim · model-written summary
All weed control treatments improved root yield compared with the nonweeded check.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- all weed control treatmentse0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- root yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- non-weeded checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all weed control treatments improved root yield compared to the non-weeded check.”
t0“Sugar Beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Three hand hoeings at 3, 6 and 9 weeks after emergence gave the highest root and sugar yields.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- hand hoeing three times at 3, 6 and 9 weeks after the emergencee0
- Outcome
- yields of root and sugare0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedInteractorComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest yields of root and sugar were obtained by hand hoeing three times at 3, 6 and 9 weeks after the emergence of the sugar beet.”
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