Abstract
Plant steroid hormones brassinosteroids (BRs) regulate plant growth and development at many different levels. Recent research has revealed that stress-responsive NAC (petunia NAM and Arabidopsis ATAF1, ATAF2, and CUC2) transcription factor RD26 is regulated by BR signaling and antagonizes BES1 in the interaction between growth and drought stress signaling. However, the upstream signaling transduction components that activate RD26 during drought are still unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the function of RD26 is modulated by GSK3-like kinase BIN2 and protein phosphatase 2C ABI1. We show that ABI1, a negative regulator in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, dephosphorylates and destabilizes BIN2 to inhibit BIN2 kinase activity. RD26 protein is stabilized by ABA and dehydration in a BIN2-dependent manner. BIN2 directly interacts and phosphorylates RD26 in vitro and in vivo. BIN2 phosphorylation of RD26 is required for RD26 transcriptional activation on drought-responsive genes. RD26 overexpression suppressed the brassinazole (BRZ) insensitivity of BIN2 triple mutant bin2 bil1 bil2, and BIN2 function is required for the drought tolerance of RD26 overexpression plants. Taken together, our data suggest a drought signaling mechanism in which drought stress relieves ABI1 inhibition of BIN2, allowing BIN2 activation. Sequentially, BIN2 phosphorylates and stabilizes RD26 to promote drought stress response.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
ABI1 dephosphorylates BIN2.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Gene
- ABI1e0
- Outcome
- dephosphorylates and destabilizes BIN2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“ABI1, a negative regulator in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, dephosphorylates and destabilizes BIN2 to inhibit BIN2 kinase activity”
Claim · model-written summary
ABI1 destabilizes BIN2 and inhibits its kinase activity.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- BIN2e0
- Outcome
- inhibit BIN2 kinase activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“ABI1, a negative regulator in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, dephosphorylates and destabilizes BIN2 to inhibit BIN2 kinase activity”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA stabilizes RD26 protein in a BIN2-dependent manner.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Gene
- RD26e0
- Outcome
- RD26 proteine0
- Direction
- stabilizede0
- Qualifier
- BIN2-dependent mannere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“RD26 protein is stabilized by ABA and dehydration in a BIN2-dependent manner”
Claim · model-written summary
Dehydration stabilizes RD26 protein in a BIN2-dependent manner.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- dehydratione0
- Gene
- RD26e0
- Outcome
- RD26 proteine0
- Direction
- stabilizede0
- Qualifier
- BIN2-dependent mannere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“RD26 protein is stabilized by ABA and dehydration in a BIN2-dependent manner”
Claim · model-written summary
BIN2 directly interacts with RD26.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- BIN2e0
- Outcome
- interacts and phosphorylates RD26e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“BIN2 directly interacts and phosphorylates RD26 in vitro and in vivo”
Claim · model-written summary
BIN2 phosphorylates RD26 in vitro and in vivo.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- BIN2e0
- Outcome
- phosphorylates RD26e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“BIN2 directly interacts and phosphorylates RD26 in vitro and in vivo”
Claim · model-written summary
BIN2 phosphorylation of RD26 is required for transcriptional activation of drought-responsive genes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- RD26e0
- Outcome
- transcriptional activation on drought-responsive genese0
- Qualifier
- BIN2 phosphorylation of RD26e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“BIN2 phosphorylation of RD26 is required for RD26 transcriptional activation on drought-responsive genes”
Claim · model-written summary
RD26 overexpression suppressed BRZ insensitivity of the BIN2 triple mutant.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- BIN2 triple mutant bin2 bil1 bil2e0
- Treatment
- RD26 overexpressione0
- Outcome
- brassinazole (BRZ) insensitivitye0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“RD26 overexpression suppressed the brassinazole (BRZ) insensitivity of BIN2 triple mutant bin2 bil1 bil2”
Claim · model-written summary
BIN2 function is required for drought tolerance in RD26 overexpression plants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- RD26 overexpression plantse0
- Gene
- BIN2e0
- Outcome
- drought tolerancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“BIN2 function is required for the drought tolerance of RD26 overexpression plants”
The same questions in other papers
(+)-abscisic acid · quality: protein · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
drought · quality: protein · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.