Abstract
Free amino acids (FAAs) and protein-bound amino acids (PBAAs) in seeds play an important role in seed desiccation, longevity, and germination. However, the effect that water stress has on these two functional pools, especially when imposed during the crucial seed setting stage is unclear. To better understand these effects, we exposed Arabidopsis plants at the seed setting stage to a range of water limitation and water deprivation conditions and then evaluated physiological, metabolic, and proteomic parameters, with special focus on FAAs and PBAAs. We found that in response to severe water limitation, seed yield decreased, while seed weight, FAA, and PBAA content per seed increased. Nevertheless, the composition of FAAs and PBAAs remained unaltered. In response to severe water deprivation, however, both seed yield and weight were reduced. In addition, major alterations were observed in both FAA and proteome compositions, which indicated that both osmotic adjustment and proteomic reprogramming occurred in these naturally desiccation-tolerant organs. However, despite the major proteomic alteration, the PBAA composition did not change, suggesting that the proteomic reprogramming was followed by a proteomic rebalancing. Proteomic rebalancing has not been observed previously in response to stress, but its occurrence under stress strongly suggests its natural function. Together, our data show that the dry seed PBAA composition plays a key role in seed fitness and therefore is rigorously maintained even under severe water stress, while the FAA composition is more plastic and adaptable to changing environments, and that both functional pools are distinctly regulated.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Severe water limitation decreased seed yield.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- severe water limitatione1
- Outcome
- seed yielde1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we exposed Arabidopsis plants at the seed setting stage”
e1“in response to severe water limitation, seed yield decreased, while seed weight, FAA, and PBAA content per seed increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe water limitation increased seed weight, FAA and PBAA content per seed.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- severe water limitatione1
- Outcome
- seed weight, FAA, and PBAA content per seede1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we exposed Arabidopsis plants at the seed setting stage”
e1“in response to severe water limitation, seed yield decreased, while seed weight, FAA, and PBAA content per seed increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Under severe water limitation the composition of FAAs and PBAAs remained unaltered.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- severe water limitatione1
- Outcome
- the composition of FAAs and PBAAse2
- Direction
- remained unalterede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we exposed Arabidopsis plants at the seed setting stage”
e1“in response to severe water limitation, seed yield decreased, while seed weight, FAA, and PBAA content per seed increased”
e2“Nevertheless, the composition of FAAs and PBAAs remained unaltered”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe water deprivation reduced seed yield and seed weight.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- severe water deprivatione1
- Outcome
- seed yield and weighte1
- Direction
- were reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we exposed Arabidopsis plants at the seed setting stage”
e1“In response to severe water deprivation, however, both seed yield and weight were reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe water deprivation caused major alterations in FAA and proteome compositions.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- severe water deprivatione1
- Outcome
- FAA and proteome compositionse2
- Direction
- major alterationse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we exposed Arabidopsis plants at the seed setting stage”
e1“In response to severe water deprivation, however, both seed yield and weight were reduced”
e2“major alterations were observed in both FAA and proteome compositions”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic adjustment and proteomic reprogramming occurred in the naturally desiccation-tolerant dry seed organs under water stress.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Outcome
- osmotic adjustment and proteomic reprogramminge1
- Qualifier
- naturally desiccation-tolerant organse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we exposed Arabidopsis plants at the seed setting stage”
e1“both osmotic adjustment and proteomic reprogramming occurred in these naturally desiccation-tolerant organs”
Claim · model-written summary
Under severe water deprivation the PBAA composition did not change despite the major proteomic alteration.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- severe water deprivatione1
- Outcome
- PBAA compositione2
- Direction
- did not changee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we exposed Arabidopsis plants at the seed setting stage”
e1“In response to severe water deprivation, however, both seed yield and weight were reduced”
e2“the PBAA composition did not change”
Claim · model-written summary
Proteomic reprogramming was followed by proteomic rebalancing, which the authors suggest reflects a natural function.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Outcome
- proteomic rebalancinge1
- Qualifier
- the proteomic reprogramming was followed bye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we exposed Arabidopsis plants at the seed setting stage”
e1“suggesting that the proteomic reprogramming was followed by a proteomic rebalancing”
Claim · model-written summary
The dry seed PBAA composition plays a key role in seed fitness.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Organ / stage
- dry seede1
- Compound
- PBAAe1
- Outcome
- seed fitnesse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we exposed Arabidopsis plants at the seed setting stage”
e1“the dry seed PBAA composition plays a key role in seed fitness”
Claim · model-written summary
The FAA composition is more plastic and adaptable to changing environments than the PBAA composition.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Outcome
- FAA compositione1
- Qualifier
- more plastic and adaptable to changing environmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we exposed Arabidopsis plants at the seed setting stage”
e1“the FAA composition is more plastic and adaptable to changing environments”
The same questions in other papers
drought · yield · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
drought · quality: protein · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.