Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in old newly reclaimed calcareous soils at Nubaria Agricultural Research Station, during 2015 and 2016 summer seasons. The aim of the investigation was to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer sources (solid and gaseous) under different nitrogen rates (80, 100, 120 and 140 kg N fed-1) on yield, yield components, NPK concentrations and N use efficiency for some maize hybrids (SC 131, SC 168 and SC 176). Experimental design was strip-split plot design with four replications where nitrogen sources distribute in the vertical- plots while, nitrogen rates assigned to the horizontal- plots within N sources. Hybrids were randomly distributed in the sub - plots. Injection ammonia gas gave the lower significant averages value of number days from planting to 50% tasseling (DTT) and number of days from planting to 50% silking (DTS), but increased significantly in plant height (PHT), leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content (CHL), No. of ears per plot (EAR), grain yield (GY) and ear length (EL) in the two successive seasons as compared to those obtained with ammonium nitrate (AN) form. Results revealed that the application of AA was associated with significantly higher in kernel per row (KPR) and weight of 100-grains (KWT) than AN. No significant difference between the nitrogen sources was found in ear diameter (CD) in both seasons. Increasing N rates from 80 to 140 kg fed-1 caused a significant increase in DTT, DTS and EAR traits in 2016 only. However, increasing N rate significantly effect on PHT, LAI, CHL, GY, EL, KPR and KWT traits. Significant differences were found among maize single crosses for all tested growth characters and grain yield. Single cross 176 was the earliest hybrid while SC 168 was the latest concerning DTT and DTS in both seasons. Single cross 131 gave the highest value in GY, while SC 176 was the lowest value. Anhydrous ammonia (AA) had higher GY productive under all NR than AN with linear positive significant increase during the growing season of 2015. The highest grain yield was 36.9 ard fed-1 under 140 kg N fed-1 of AA while the lowest value was 24.0 ard fed-1 for AN at 80 kg N fed-1. Single cross 131 had the highest significant value in grain yield under AA, while SC 176 was the lowest value under AN fertilizer. Concentration of grain nitrogen (Nconc), phosphorus (Pconc), potassium (Kconc), their uptake (NPKuptake) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) were affected positively by the sources of N fertilizers applied in the two successive seasons. Ammonia gas (AA) enhanced all nutritional parameters comparing with AN. Three way interactions of the tested NS, NR and maize HB agreed with all previous results of main. In general SC 131 followed by SC 168 respond efficiently more than SC 176 to AA comparing with AN under all four N rates up to 140 kg N fed-1. Regression coefficient between grain yield and the nineteen variables showed that there was a highly significant relation between grain yield and ten of the independent variables including (N uptake, N concentration, K uptake, K concentration, ear length, NUE, chlorophyll content, ear, no. of days to sillking, leaf area index). It was included that injection of AA to maize crop remarkably positively affect maize growth and N, P and K, compared with AN in calcareous soils.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Injected ammonia gas lower maize number days from planting to 50% tasseling (DTT) versus ammonium nitrate.
- Treatment
- Injection ammonia gase0
- Outcome
- number days from planting to 50% tasseling (DTT)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- ammonium nitrate (AN)e0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Injection ammonia gas gave the lower significant averages value of number days from planting to 50% tasseling (DTT) and number of days from planting to 50% silking (DTS), but increased significantly in plant height (PHT), leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content (CHL), No. of ears per plot (EAR), grain yield (GY) and ear length (EL) in the two successive seasons as compared to those obtained with ammonium nitrate (AN) form.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Injected ammonia gas lower maize number of days from planting to 50% silking (DTS) versus ammonium nitrate.
- Treatment
- Injection ammonia gase0
- Outcome
- number of days from planting to 50% silking (DTS)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- ammonium nitrate (AN)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Injection ammonia gas gave the lower significant averages value of number days from planting to 50% tasseling (DTT) and number of days from planting to 50% silking (DTS), but increased significantly in plant height (PHT), leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content (CHL), No. of ears per plot (EAR), grain yield (GY) and ear length (EL) in the two successive seasons as compared to those obtained with ammonium nitrate (AN) form.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Injected ammonia gas increased maize plant height (PHT) versus ammonium nitrate.
- Treatment
- Injection ammonia gase0
- Outcome
- plant height (PHT)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- ammonium nitrate (AN)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Injection ammonia gas gave the lower significant averages value of number days from planting to 50% tasseling (DTT) and number of days from planting to 50% silking (DTS), but increased significantly in plant height (PHT), leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content (CHL), No. of ears per plot (EAR), grain yield (GY) and ear length (EL) in the two successive seasons as compared to those obtained with ammonium nitrate (AN) form.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Injected ammonia gas increased maize leaf area index (LAI) versus ammonium nitrate.
- Treatment
- Injection ammonia gase0
- Outcome
- leaf area index (LAI)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- ammonium nitrate (AN)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Injection ammonia gas gave the lower significant averages value of number days from planting to 50% tasseling (DTT) and number of days from planting to 50% silking (DTS), but increased significantly in plant height (PHT), leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content (CHL), No. of ears per plot (EAR), grain yield (GY) and ear length (EL) in the two successive seasons as compared to those obtained with ammonium nitrate (AN) form.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Injected ammonia gas increased maize chlorophyll content (CHL) versus ammonium nitrate.
- Treatment
- Injection ammonia gase0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content (CHL)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- ammonium nitrate (AN)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Injection ammonia gas gave the lower significant averages value of number days from planting to 50% tasseling (DTT) and number of days from planting to 50% silking (DTS), but increased significantly in plant height (PHT), leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content (CHL), No. of ears per plot (EAR), grain yield (GY) and ear length (EL) in the two successive seasons as compared to those obtained with ammonium nitrate (AN) form.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Injected ammonia gas increased maize No. of ears per plot (EAR) versus ammonium nitrate.
- Treatment
- Injection ammonia gase0
- Outcome
- No. of ears per plot (EAR)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- ammonium nitrate (AN)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Injection ammonia gas gave the lower significant averages value of number days from planting to 50% tasseling (DTT) and number of days from planting to 50% silking (DTS), but increased significantly in plant height (PHT), leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content (CHL), No. of ears per plot (EAR), grain yield (GY) and ear length (EL) in the two successive seasons as compared to those obtained with ammonium nitrate (AN) form.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Injected ammonia gas increased maize grain yield (GY) versus ammonium nitrate.
- Treatment
- Injection ammonia gase0
- Outcome
- grain yield (GY)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- ammonium nitrate (AN)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Injection ammonia gas gave the lower significant averages value of number days from planting to 50% tasseling (DTT) and number of days from planting to 50% silking (DTS), but increased significantly in plant height (PHT), leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content (CHL), No. of ears per plot (EAR), grain yield (GY) and ear length (EL) in the two successive seasons as compared to those obtained with ammonium nitrate (AN) form.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Injected ammonia gas increased maize ear length (EL) versus ammonium nitrate.
- Treatment
- Injection ammonia gase0
- Outcome
- ear length (EL)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- ammonium nitrate (AN)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Injection ammonia gas gave the lower significant averages value of number days from planting to 50% tasseling (DTT) and number of days from planting to 50% silking (DTS), but increased significantly in plant height (PHT), leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content (CHL), No. of ears per plot (EAR), grain yield (GY) and ear length (EL) in the two successive seasons as compared to those obtained with ammonium nitrate (AN) form.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
AA produced higher maize kernel per row (KPR) than AN.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that the application of AA was associated with significantly higher in kernel per row (KPR) and weight of 100-grains (KWT) than AN.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
AA produced higher maize weight of 100-grains (KWT) than AN.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that the application of AA was associated with significantly higher in kernel per row (KPR) and weight of 100-grains (KWT) than AN.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen sources did not differ significantly in maize ear diameter.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant difference between the nitrogen sources was found in ear diameter (CD) in both seasons.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising N rates increased maize DTT in 2016.
- Treatment
- Increasing N rates from 80 to 140 kg fed-1e0
- Outcome
- DTTe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- 2016 onlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing N rates from 80 to 140 kg fed-1 caused a significant increase in DTT, DTS and EAR traits in 2016 only.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising N rates increased maize DTS in 2016.
- Treatment
- Increasing N rates from 80 to 140 kg fed-1e0
- Outcome
- DTSe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- 2016 onlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing N rates from 80 to 140 kg fed-1 caused a significant increase in DTT, DTS and EAR traits in 2016 only.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising N rates increased maize EAR in 2016.
- Treatment
- Increasing N rates from 80 to 140 kg fed-1e0
- Outcome
- EARe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- 2016 onlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing N rates from 80 to 140 kg fed-1 caused a significant increase in DTT, DTS and EAR traits in 2016 only.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize hybrids differed significantly in growth characters and grain yield.
- Material
- maize single crossese0
- Outcome
- all tested growth characters and grain yielde0
- Direction
- differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant differences were found among maize single crosses for all tested growth characters and grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Single cross 176 was earliest and SC 168 latest for tasseling and silking.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Single cross 176 was the earliest hybrid while SC 168 was the latest concerning DTT and DTS in both seasons.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Single cross 131 had highest grain yield and SC 176 the lowest.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Single cross 131 gave the highest value in GY, while SC 176 was the lowest value.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
AA increased maize grain yield relative to AN at all N rates in 2015.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Anhydrous ammonia (AA) had higher GY productive under all NR than AN with linear positive significant increase during the growing season of 2015.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum maize grain yield was 36.9 ard fed-1 with 140 kg N fed-1 of AA.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest grain yield was 36.9 ard fed-1 under 140 kg N fed-1 of AA while the lowest value was 24.0 ard fed-1 for AN at 80 kg N fed-1.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize grain yield was significantly related to ten measured traits.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regression coefficient between grain yield and the nineteen variables showed that there was a highly significant relation between grain yield and ten of the independent variables including (N uptake, N concentration, K uptake, K concentration, ear length, NUE, chlorophyll content, ear, no. of days to sillking, leaf area index).”
t0“Maize”
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