Abstract
Weeds are major threats for loss of yield in any cropping system. Especially in conservation tillage systems, it is a basic necessary requirement to keep the weed population below their threshold levels to realize optimum grain yields. Managing weeds in conservation tillage systems are very essential to optimize crop production. Hence, to study the effect of conservation tillage practices on weed dynamics, soil weed seed bank and their distribution, a field experiment was conducted under rainfed finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) on Alfisols for two consecutive seasons during 2014 and 2015 at All India Coordinated Research Project on Dryland Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, India under split-plot design with three main plots (different tillages) and five sub-plots (different nutrient management). Conventional tillage has recorded significantly higher grain and straw yield of finger millet (3.04 and 4.69 t/ha, respectively) due to effective control of weeds as evidenced by lower total weed density and dry weight observed (13.7 no./m2, 8.0 g/m2 at 30 DAS and 23.9 no./m2, 9.0 g/m2 at 60 DAS) along with higher weed control efficiency (92.5–93.2% in 2014 and 93.3–93.8% in 2015) and lower weed index (7.6–10.3%) due to lower number of weed seeds observed during 2014 (12.3, 19.5 and 4.6/kg soil at 15, 30 and 60 days, respectively) and 2015 (11.3, 17.6 and 4.1/kg soil at 15, 30 and 60 days, respectively as compared to minimum tillage (2.60 and 4.03 t/ha, respectively). Whereas, zero tillage has recorded significantly lower grain and straw yield (2.09 and 3.24 t/ha, respectively) due to poor weed control as observed by higher soil weed seed bank. Among different nutrient management practices application of 100% recommended NPK + 7.5 t FYM/ha yielded significantly higher grain and straw yields (3.03 and 4.68 t/ha, respectively) over other nutrient management practices. Wherein, the soil weed seed bank was not significantly influenced by nutrient management practices and their interactions with the tillage.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage gave significantly higher grain and straw yield of finger millet (3.04 and 4.69 t/ha) than minimum tillage.
- Taxon
- finger millet
Eleusine coracanae0 - Treatment
- Conventional tillagee1
- Outcome
- grain and straw yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 3.04 and 4.69 t/hae1
- Qualifier
- 2.60 and 4.03 t/hae2
- Comparator
- minimum tillagee2
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a field experiment was conducted under rainfed finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) on Alfisols for two consecutive seasons during 2014 and 2015 at All India Coordinated Research Project on Dryland Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, India”
e1“Conventional tillage has recorded significantly higher grain and straw yield of finger millet (3.04 and 4.69 t/ha, respectively)”
e2“as compared to minimum tillage (2.60 and 4.03 t/ha, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage gave significantly lower grain and straw yield of finger millet (2.09 and 3.24 t/ha).
- Taxon
- finger milletEleusine coracanae0
- Treatment
- zero tillagee3
- Outcome
- grain and straw yielde3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Value
- 2.09 and 3.24 t/hae3
- Setting
- field experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a field experiment was conducted under rainfed finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) on Alfisols for two consecutive seasons during 2014 and 2015 at All India Coordinated Research Project on Dryland Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, India”
e3“zero tillage has recorded significantly lower grain and straw yield (2.09 and 3.24 t/ha, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage gave lower total weed density (13.7 no./m2 at 30 DAS and 23.9 no./m2 at 60 DAS).
- Taxon
- finger milletEleusine coracanae0
- Treatment
- Conventional tillagee1
- Interactor
- weede4weed
- Outcome
- total weed densitye4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Value
- 13.7 no./m2e4
- Qualifier
- 23.9 no./m2, 9.0 g/m2 at 60 DASe4
- Setting
- field experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a field experiment was conducted under rainfed finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) on Alfisols for two consecutive seasons during 2014 and 2015 at All India Coordinated Research Project on Dryland Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, India”
e1“Conventional tillage has recorded significantly higher grain and straw yield of finger millet (3.04 and 4.69 t/ha, respectively)”
e4“lower total weed density and dry weight observed (13.7 no./m2, 8.0 g/m2 at 30 DAS and 23.9 no./m2, 9.0 g/m2 at 60 DAS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage gave lower weed dry weight (8.0 g/m2 at 30 DAS and 9.0 g/m2 at 60 DAS).
- Taxon
- finger milletEleusine coracanae0
- Treatment
- Conventional tillagee1
- Interactor
- weede4weed
- Outcome
- dry weighte4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Value
- 8.0 g/m2e4
- Qualifier
- 9.0 g/m2 at 60 DASe4
- Setting
- field experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a field experiment was conducted under rainfed finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) on Alfisols for two consecutive seasons during 2014 and 2015 at All India Coordinated Research Project on Dryland Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, India”
e1“Conventional tillage has recorded significantly higher grain and straw yield of finger millet (3.04 and 4.69 t/ha, respectively)”
e4“lower total weed density and dry weight observed (13.7 no./m2, 8.0 g/m2 at 30 DAS and 23.9 no./m2, 9.0 g/m2 at 60 DAS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage gave higher weed control efficiency (92.5–93.2% in 2014 and 93.3–93.8% in 2015).
- Taxon
- finger milletEleusine coracanae0
- Treatment
- Conventional tillagee1
- Interactor
- weede6weed
- Outcome
- weed control efficiencye6
- Direction
- highere6
- Value
- 92.5–93.2% in 2014 and 93.3–93.8% in 2015e6
- Setting
- field experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a field experiment was conducted under rainfed finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) on Alfisols for two consecutive seasons during 2014 and 2015 at All India Coordinated Research Project on Dryland Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, India”
e1“Conventional tillage has recorded significantly higher grain and straw yield of finger millet (3.04 and 4.69 t/ha, respectively)”
e6“higher weed control efficiency (92.5–93.2% in 2014 and 93.3–93.8% in 2015)”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage gave lower weed index (7.6–10.3%).
- Taxon
- finger milletEleusine coracanae0
- Treatment
- Conventional tillagee1
- Interactor
- weede7weed
- Outcome
- weed indexe7
- Direction
- lowere7
- Value
- 7.6–10.3%e7
- Setting
- field experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a field experiment was conducted under rainfed finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) on Alfisols for two consecutive seasons during 2014 and 2015 at All India Coordinated Research Project on Dryland Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, India”
e1“Conventional tillage has recorded significantly higher grain and straw yield of finger millet (3.04 and 4.69 t/ha, respectively)”
e7“lower weed index (7.6–10.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage gave a lower number of weed seeds in 2014 (12.3, 19.5 and 4.6/kg soil) than minimum tillage.
- Taxon
- finger milletEleusine coracanae0
- Treatment
- Conventional tillagee1
- Interactor
- weede7weed
- Outcome
- number of weed seedse7
- Direction
- lowere7
- Value
- 12.3, 19.5 and 4.6/kg soile7
- Qualifier
- observed during 2014e7
- Comparator
- minimum tillagee7
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a field experiment was conducted under rainfed finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) on Alfisols for two consecutive seasons during 2014 and 2015 at All India Coordinated Research Project on Dryland Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, India”
e1“Conventional tillage has recorded significantly higher grain and straw yield of finger millet (3.04 and 4.69 t/ha, respectively)”
e7“lower number of weed seeds observed during 2014 (12.3, 19.5 and 4.6/kg soil at 15, 30 and 60 days, respectively) and 2015 (11.3, 17.6 and 4.1/kg soil at 15, 30 and 60 days, respectively as compared to minimum tillage (2.60 and 4.03 t/ha, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage gave a lower number of weed seeds in 2015 (11.3, 17.6 and 4.1/kg soil) than minimum tillage.
- Taxon
- finger milletEleusine coracanae0
- Treatment
- Conventional tillagee1
- Interactor
- weede7weed
- Outcome
- number of weed seedse7
- Direction
- lowere7
- Value
- 11.3, 17.6 and 4.1/kg soile7
- Qualifier
- and 2015e7
- Comparator
- minimum tillagee7
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a field experiment was conducted under rainfed finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) on Alfisols for two consecutive seasons during 2014 and 2015 at All India Coordinated Research Project on Dryland Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, India”
e1“Conventional tillage has recorded significantly higher grain and straw yield of finger millet (3.04 and 4.69 t/ha, respectively)”
e7“lower number of weed seeds observed during 2014 (12.3, 19.5 and 4.6/kg soil at 15, 30 and 60 days, respectively) and 2015 (11.3, 17.6 and 4.1/kg soil at 15, 30 and 60 days, respectively as compared to minimum tillage (2.60 and 4.03 t/ha, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage gave a higher soil weed seed bank because of poor weed control.
- Taxon
- finger milletEleusine coracanae0
- Treatment
- zero tillagee1
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- soil weed seed banke1
- Direction
- highere1
- Setting
- field experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a field experiment was conducted under rainfed finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) on Alfisols for two consecutive seasons during 2014 and 2015 at All India Coordinated Research Project on Dryland Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, India”
e1“zero tillage has recorded significantly lower grain and straw yield (2.09 and 3.24 t/ha, respectively) due to poor weed control as observed by higher soil weed seed bank”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 100% recommended NPK + 7.5 t FYM/ha gave significantly higher grain and straw yields (3.03 and 4.68 t/ha) than other nutrient management practices.
- Taxon
- finger milletEleusine coracanae0
- Treatment
- 100% recommended NPK + 7.5 t FYM/hae1
- Outcome
- grain and straw yieldse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 3.03 and 4.68 t/hae1
- Comparator
- other nutrient management practicese1
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a field experiment was conducted under rainfed finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) on Alfisols for two consecutive seasons during 2014 and 2015 at All India Coordinated Research Project on Dryland Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, India”
e1“application of 100% recommended NPK + 7.5 t FYM/ha yielded significantly higher grain and straw yields (3.03 and 4.68 t/ha, respectively) over other nutrient management practices”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient management practices did not significantly change the soil weed seed bank, including their interaction with tillage.
- Taxon
- finger milletEleusine coracanae0
- Treatment
- nutrient management practicese1
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- soil weed seed banke1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Setting
- field experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a field experiment was conducted under rainfed finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) on Alfisols for two consecutive seasons during 2014 and 2015 at All India Coordinated Research Project on Dryland Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, India”
e1“the soil weed seed bank was not significantly influenced by nutrient management practices and their interactions with the tillage”
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