Abstract
Toxicity to oats of atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine), simazine (2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine), diuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea), monuron (3-(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea), and fenuron (3-phenyl-1,1-dimethylurea), exposed to sunlight on soil surface for 25 days was significantly decreased even when surface soil temperatures did not exceed 120 F. Only atrazine and monuron exhibited significantly less phytotoxicity after 60 days exposure than after 25 days. Simazine phytotoxicity also was significantly reduced when held on soil in the dark for 60 days. With the exception of fenuron, there was no difference between treatments within compounds when soil temperatures reached maximums as high as 180 F. Under these conditions, phytotoxicity of the herbicides was reduced 65 to 97 percent by all exposures.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Exposure to sunlight on the soil surface for 25 days significantly decreased the toxicity to oats of atrazine, simazine and diuron, even at surface soil temperatures not above 120 F.
- Taxon
- oats
Avena sativae2 - Treatment
- exposed to sunlight on soil surface for 25 dayse0
- Outcome
- Toxicity to oatse2
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine), simazine (2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine), diurone1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Toxicity to oats”
e0“exposed to sunlight on soil surface for 25 days was significantly decreased even when surface soil temperatures did not exceed 120 F”
e1“atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine), simazine (2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine), diuron”
Claim · model-written summary
Exposure to sunlight on the soil surface for 25 days significantly decreased the toxicity to oats of monuron and fenuron, even at surface soil temperatures not above 120 F.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae2
- Treatment
- exposed to sunlight on soil surface for 25 dayse0
- Outcome
- Toxicity to oatse2
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- monuron (3-(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea), and fenurone1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Toxicity to oats”
e0“exposed to sunlight on soil surface for 25 days was significantly decreased even when surface soil temperatures did not exceed 120 F”
e1“monuron (3-(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea), and fenuron”
Claim · model-written summary
Only atrazine and monuron showed significantly less phytotoxicity after 60 days of sunlight exposure than after 25 days.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae2
- Treatment
- 60 days exposuree0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Qualifier
- Only atrazine and monurone0
- Comparator
- 25 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Toxicity to oats”
e0“Only atrazine and monuron exhibited significantly less phytotoxicity after 60 days exposure than after 25 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Simazine phytotoxicity was significantly reduced when the herbicide was held on soil in the dark for 60 days.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae2
- Treatment
- held on soil in the dark for 60 dayse0
- Outcome
- Simazine phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Toxicity to oats”
e0“Simazine phytotoxicity also was significantly reduced when held on soil in the dark for 60 days”
Claim · model-written summary
With the exception of fenuron, there was no difference between treatments within compounds when soil temperatures reached maximums as high as 180 F.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae2
- Treatment
- soil temperatures reached maximums as high as 180 Fe0
- Outcome
- difference between treatments within compoundse0
- Direction
- no differencee0
- Qualifier
- With the exception of fenurone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Toxicity to oats”
e0“With the exception of fenuron, there was no difference between treatments within compounds when soil temperatures reached maximums as high as 180 F”
Claim · model-written summary
Under the high soil temperature conditions, herbicide phytotoxicity was reduced by 65 to 97 percent by all exposures.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae2
- Treatment
- all exposurese0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicity of the herbicidese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 65 to 97 percente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Toxicity to oats”
e0“phytotoxicity of the herbicides was reduced 65 to 97 percent by all exposures”
The same questions in other papers
light · pest · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.