Abstract
In arid regions, higher irrigation quota for conventional farming causes substantial conflict between water supply and demand for crop production. Innovations in cropping systems are needed to alleviate this issue. A field experiment was conducted in northwestern China to assess whether straw and plastic managements in wheat/maize intercropping could alleviate these issues. Integrating no tillage with two-year plastic and straw mulching (NTMI2) improved grain yields by 13.8-17.1%, compared to conventional tillage without straw residue and annual new plastic mulching (CTI). The NTMI2 treatment reduced soil evaporation by 9.0-17.3% and the proportion of evaporation to evapotranspiration (E/ET) by 8.6-17.5%, compared to CTI. The NTMI2 treatment weakened wheat competition of soil moisture from maize strip during wheat growth period, and enhanced wheat compensation of soil moisture for maize growth after wheat harvest, compared with CTI. Thus, soil water movement potential of NTMI2 was lowest during wheat growth period, but it was highest during maize-independent growth stage after wheat harvest. The NTMI2 treatment increased evapotranspiration before maize silking, decreased from maize silking to early-filling stage, and increased after the early-filling stage of maize, this effectively coordinated water demand contradiction of intercrops at early and late stages. The NTMI2 treatment improved WUE by 12.4-17.2%, compared with CTI. The improved crop yields and WUE was attributed to the coordinated water competition and compensation, and the decreased soil evaporation and E/ET.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
NTMI2 increased grain yields over CTI by 13.8-17.1%.
- Taxon
- wheat/maize
Triticum aestivum
Zea mayse1 - Treatment
- Integrating no tillage with two-year plastic and straw mulching (NTMI2)e0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 13.8-17.1%e0
- Comparator
- conventional tillage without straw residue and annual new plastic mulching (CTI)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Integrating no tillage with two-year plastic and straw mulching (NTMI2) improved grain yields by 13.8-17.1%, compared to conventional tillage without straw residue and annual new plastic mulching (CTI)”
e1“wheat/maize intercropping”
Claim · model-written summary
NTMI2 reduced soil evaporation by 9.0-17.3%.
- Taxon
- wheat/maizeTriticum aestivumZea mayse1
- Treatment
- NTMI2e0
- Outcome
- soil evaporatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 9.0-17.3%e0
- Comparator
- CTIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The NTMI2 treatment reduced soil evaporation by 9.0-17.3% and the proportion of evaporation to evapotranspiration (E/ET) by 8.6-17.5%, compared to CTI”
e1“wheat/maize intercropping”
Claim · model-written summary
NTMI2 reduced E/ET by 8.6-17.5%.
- Taxon
- wheat/maizeTriticum aestivumZea mayse1
- Treatment
- NTMI2e0
- Outcome
- proportion of evaporation to evapotranspiration (E/ET)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 8.6-17.5%e0
- Comparator
- CTIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The NTMI2 treatment reduced soil evaporation by 9.0-17.3% and the proportion of evaporation to evapotranspiration (E/ET) by 8.6-17.5%, compared to CTI”
e1“wheat/maize intercropping”
Claim · model-written summary
NTMI2 weakened wheat competition for maize strip moisture.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- NTMI2e0
- Outcome
- wheat competition of soil moisture from maize stripe0
- Direction
- weakenede0
- Comparator
- CTIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The NTMI2 treatment weakened wheat competition of soil moisture from maize strip during wheat growth period, and enhanced wheat compensation of soil moisture for maize growth after wheat harvest, compared with CTI”
Claim · model-written summary
NTMI2 enhanced wheat moisture compensation after harvest.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- NTMI2e0
- Outcome
- wheat compensation of soil moisture for maize growthe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- CTIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The NTMI2 treatment weakened wheat competition of soil moisture from maize strip during wheat growth period, and enhanced wheat compensation of soil moisture for maize growth after wheat harvest, compared with CTI”
Claim · model-written summary
NTMI2 had lowest soil water movement potential during wheat growth.
- Taxon
- wheat/maizeTriticum aestivumZea mayse1
- Treatment
- NTMI2e0
- Outcome
- soil water movement potentiale0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil water movement potential of NTMI2 was lowest during wheat growth period”
e1“wheat/maize intercropping”
Claim · model-written summary
NTMI2 had highest soil water movement potential after wheat harvest.
- Taxon
- wheat/maizeTriticum aestivumZea mayse2
- Treatment
- NTMI2e1
- Outcome
- soil water movement potentiale1
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it was highest during maize-independent growth stage after wheat harvest”
e1“soil water movement potential of NTMI2”
e2“wheat/maize intercropping”
Claim · model-written summary
NTMI2 increased evapotranspiration before maize silking.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The NTMI2 treatment increased evapotranspiration before maize silking”
Claim · model-written summary
NTMI2 decreased evapotranspiration between silking and early filling.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The NTMI2 treatment increased evapotranspiration before maize silking, decreased from maize silking to early-filling stage”
e1“wheat/maize intercropping”
Claim · model-written summary
NTMI2 increased evapotranspiration after early filling.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The NTMI2 treatment increased evapotranspiration before maize silking, decreased from maize silking to early-filling stage, and increased after the early-filling stage of maize”
Claim · model-written summary
NTMI2 improved water use efficiency by 12.4-17.2%.
- Taxon
- wheat/maizeTriticum aestivumZea mayse1
- Treatment
- NTMI2e0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 12.4-17.2%e0
- Comparator
- CTIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The NTMI2 treatment improved WUE by 12.4-17.2%, compared with CTI”
e1“wheat/maize intercropping”
The same questions in other papers
organic · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
280 papers in the same direction as this paper · 35 in the opposite direction · 6 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
318 papers more in this group
See all 322 papers →organic · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
329 papers in the same direction as this paper · 32 in the opposite direction · 11 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
369 papers more in this group
See all 373 papers →tillage · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
811 papers in the same direction as this paper · 230 in the opposite direction · 57 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
1,095 papers more in this group
See all 1,099 papers →tillage · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1,115 papers in the same direction as this paper · 257 in the opposite direction · 41 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
1,410 papers more in this group
See all 1,414 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.