Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) during 2003 and 2004 to study the effect of organic vs inorganic inputs on physiology, growth, yield and quality attributes. Integrated use of organic manures and inoculated with biofertilizers exhibited significantly higher photosynthesis rate (9.16-9.81 μmol/m2/s) than the sole application of organic manures. Combined application of organic manures and seedling inoculation in phosphate-solubilizing microorganism (PSM) or vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) showed stomatal conductance (gs) at par with the control. Combined application of organic manures and VAM exhibited the photosynthetic water-use efficiency at par with control; rest of the treatments expressed lower photosynthetic water-use efficiency than the control. The integrated use of organic manures and biofertilizers exhibited significantly higher head length (12.0-12.6 cm) and diameter (12.2-12.9 cm). Head weight and yield under combined use of organic manures (farmyard manure + digested sludge) and biofertilizers were noticed at par with the control, and significant reduction (13-20%) in head weight and head yield were recorded under sole application of organic manure. Significantly higher vitamin C content was recorded with the application of farmyard manure (20 tonnes/ha) or where organic manures were combined either with Azotobacter or with VAM. No significant variation in the total carotenoid content with the application of organic manures or biofertilizers except under the combined use of organic manures and Azotobacter which showed significantly higher carotenoid content (1.263 mg/100 g). The individual or combined application of organic manures and biofertilizers did not influence the crude fibre content in lettuce head, and it varied from 0.90 to 1.16 g/100g.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Combined organic manures and biofertilizers raised photosynthesis relative to organic manures alone.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativat0 - Treatment
- Integrated use of organic manures and inoculated with biofertilizerse0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 9.16-9.81 μmol/m2/se0
- Comparator
- sole application of organic manurese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Integrated use of organic manures and inoculated with biofertilizers exhibited significantly higher photosynthesis rate (9.16-9.81 μmol/m2/s) than the sole application of organic manures.”
t0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manures with PSM or VAM gave stomatal conductance comparable to control.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- Combined application of organic manures and seedling inoculation in phosphate-solubilizing microorganism (PSM) or vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM)e0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductance (gs)e0
- Direction
- at pare0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined application of organic manures and seedling inoculation in phosphate-solubilizing microorganism (PSM) or vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) showed stomatal conductance (gs) at par with the control.”
t0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manures with VAM gave photosynthetic water-use efficiency comparable to control.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- Combined application of organic manures and VAMe0
- Interactor
- VAMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- photosynthetic water-use efficiencye0
- Direction
- at pare0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined application of organic manures and VAM exhibited the photosynthetic water-use efficiency at par with control”
t0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Other treatments lowered photosynthetic water-use efficiency relative to control.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- rest of the treatmentse0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic water-use efficiencye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rest of the treatments expressed lower photosynthetic water-use efficiency than the control.”
t0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated organic manures and biofertilizers increased head length.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- integrated use of organic manures and biofertilizerse0
- Outcome
- head lengthe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 12.0-12.6 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The integrated use of organic manures and biofertilizers exhibited significantly higher head length (12.0-12.6 cm) and diameter (12.2-12.9 cm).”
t0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated organic manures and biofertilizers increased head diameter.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- integrated use of organic manures and biofertilizerse0
- Outcome
- diametere0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 12.2-12.9 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The integrated use of organic manures and biofertilizers exhibited significantly higher head length (12.0-12.6 cm) and diameter (12.2-12.9 cm).”
t0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined manures and biofertilizers yielded head weight and yield comparable to control.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- combined use of organic manures (farmyard manure + digested sludge) and biofertilizerse0
- Outcome
- Head weight and yielde0
- Direction
- at pare0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Head weight and yield under combined use of organic manures (farmyard manure + digested sludge) and biofertilizers were noticed at par with the control”
t0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manure alone reduced head weight and head yield by 13-20%.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- sole application of organic manuree0
- Outcome
- head weight and head yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 13-20%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant reduction (13-20%) in head weight and head yield were recorded under sole application of organic manure.”
t0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmyard manure raised vitamin C content.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- farmyard manure (20 tonnes/ha)e0
- Outcome
- vitamin C contente0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher vitamin C content was recorded with the application of farmyard manure (20 tonnes/ha)”
t0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manures combined with Azotobacter raised vitamin C content.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- organic manures were combined either with Azotobactere0
- Interactor
- Azotobacter
Azotobactere0symbiont - Outcome
- vitamin C contente0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher vitamin C content was recorded with the application of farmyard manure (20 tonnes/ha) or where organic manures were combined either with Azotobacter or with VAM.”
t0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manures combined with VAM raised vitamin C content.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- organic manures were combined either with Azotobacter or with VAMe0
- Interactor
- VAMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- vitamin C contente0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher vitamin C content was recorded with the application of farmyard manure (20 tonnes/ha) or where organic manures were combined either with Azotobacter or with VAM.”
t0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manures and biofertilizers generally showed no significant carotenoid variation.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- organic manures or biofertilizerse0
- Outcome
- total carotenoid contente0
- Direction
- No significant variatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant variation in the total carotenoid content with the application of organic manures or biofertilizers except under the combined use of organic manures and Azotobacter”
t0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manures with Azotobacter raised carotenoid content to 1.263 mg/100 g.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- combined use of organic manures and Azotobactere0
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Outcome
- carotenoid contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.263 mg/100 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined use of organic manures and Azotobacter which showed significantly higher carotenoid content (1.263 mg/100 g).”
t0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manures and biofertilizers did not influence lettuce head crude fibre, which ranged from 0.90 to 1.16 g/100g.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- individual or combined application of organic manures and biofertilizerse0
- Outcome
- crude fibre contente0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
- Value
- 0.90 to 1.16 g/100ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The individual or combined application of organic manures and biofertilizers did not influence the crude fibre content in lettuce head, and it varied from 0.90 to 1.16 g/100g.”
t0“lettuce (Lactuca sativa)”
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See all 7 papers →8 of 17 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.