Abstract
Insecticide application is the recommended practice for control of insect pests on cowpea (Vigna unquiculata (L) Walp). However, these have negative effects on humans and the environment, apart from being costly for resource-poor farmers. This study aimed at identifying appropriate combinations of cultivar and insecticide spraying times for the management of economically important insect pests of cowpea in northern Ghana. The study was conducted in two successive rainy seasons at two locations situated in the Sudan and Guinea Savannah zones of northern Ghana. The experimental layout was a complete randomized split plot design with main-plots consisting of different numbers and timing of insecticide application and sub-plots consisting of 6 different cowpea cultivars. Data collected included insect pest abundances, components of yield and yield. Thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom), legume pod borer (Maruca vitrata Fabricius) and a complex of pod-sucking bugs (PSBs) were the dominant insect pests. Their abundance and damage were not significantly different between the untreated control and cowpea sprayed once at 50% flowering stage. In contrast, protecting cowpea with either two (i.e., flower bud initiation and early podding) or three rounds of insecticide sprays (i.e., bud initiation, 50% flowering and 50% podding) significantly lowered insect pest abundance and increased grain yield. Apart from the farmer's cultivar which was susceptible to pest attacks, the improved ones showed variable levels of tolerance to the different pest categories. Combining at least two rounds of insecticide sprays with any improved variety suppressed pest populations and increase cowpea grain yield. Keywords: Cowpea, Insecticide treatments, Savannahs, Yield, Damage levels, Integrated pest management
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Thrips, legume pod borers and pod sucking bugs were the dominant cowpea pests.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Second interactor
- legume pod borere0pest
- Outcome
- dominant insect pestse0
ThripsOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom), legume pod borer (Maruca vitrata Fabricius) and a complex of pod-sucking bugs (PSBs) were the dominant insect pests.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
A single insecticide spray at 50% flowering did not significantly differ from untreated cowpea for pest abundance and damage.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- sprayed once at 50% flowering stagee0
- Outcome
- abundance and damagee0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Their abundance and damage were not significantly different between the untreated control and cowpea sprayed once at 50% flowering stage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Two rounds of insecticide spraying significantly reduced pest abundance in cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- two (i.e., flower bud initiation and early podding)e0
- Outcome
- insect pest abundancee0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“protecting cowpea with either two (i.e., flower bud initiation and early podding) or three rounds of insecticide sprays (i.e., bud initiation, 50% flowering and 50% podding) significantly lowered insect pest abundance and increased grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Three rounds of insecticide spraying significantly reduced pest abundance in cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- three rounds of insecticide sprays (i.e., bud initiation, 50% flowering and 50% podding)e0
- Outcome
- insect pest abundancee0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“protecting cowpea with either two (i.e., flower bud initiation and early podding) or three rounds of insecticide sprays (i.e., bud initiation, 50% flowering and 50% podding) significantly lowered insect pest abundance and increased grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Two rounds of insecticide spraying significantly increased cowpea grain yield.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- two (i.e., flower bud initiation and early podding)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“protecting cowpea with either two (i.e., flower bud initiation and early podding) or three rounds of insecticide sprays (i.e., bud initiation, 50% flowering and 50% podding) significantly lowered insect pest abundance and increased grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Three rounds of insecticide spraying significantly increased cowpea grain yield.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- three rounds of insecticide sprays (i.e., bud initiation, 50% flowering and 50% podding)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“protecting cowpea with either two (i.e., flower bud initiation and early podding) or three rounds of insecticide sprays (i.e., bud initiation, 50% flowering and 50% podding) significantly lowered insect pest abundance and increased grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
The farmer cultivar was susceptible to pest attack, while improved cultivars varied in tolerance.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Material
- improved onese0
- Outcome
- variable levels of tolerancee0
- Comparator
- farmer's cultivare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apart from the farmer's cultivar which was susceptible to pest attacks, the improved ones showed variable levels of tolerance to the different pest categories.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
At least two insecticide sprays with an improved cowpea variety suppressed pest populations and increased grain yield.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- at least two rounds of insecticide sprays with any improved varietye0
- Outcome
- suppressed pest populations and increase cowpea grain yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combining at least two rounds of insecticide sprays with any improved variety suppressed pest populations and increase cowpea grain yield.”
t0“cowpea”
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