Abstract
Temperature and light are key climatic factors which affect grapevine physiology in the growing season. Our aim was to investigate the interactive effects of temperature and light intensity on reproductive growth responses of 'Shiraz' vines in vineyard conditions. Well-watered vines were covered with no shade, light, medium and heavy shade covers in a vineyard over three consecutive seasons. Several heat events, i.e., air temperatures exceeding 40 °C for several days, occurred in two of the seasons. Heavy shade reduced canopy temperatures by 3.2-6 °C in the cooler season and by 4-6 °C in the warmer seasons, relative to air temperature and compared with the open canopy. The onset of berry growth was delayed by the heavy shade but the rate of sugar accumulation was not affected. During the season with the most severe heat events, berry dry matter accumulation was significantly higher in the shaded treatments compared to the unshaded vines. The hypothesis was confirmed that medium and heavy shade conferred high levels of protection on the berry ripening process from high summer temperatures and the concurrent exposure to light intensities.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy shade reduced canopy temperatures by 3.2-6 °C in the cooler season relative to air temperature and open canopy.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera
Vitis viniferat0 - Material
- Shirazt0
- Treatment
- Heavy shadee1
- Outcome
- canopy temperaturese1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 3.2-6 °Ce1
- Qualifier
- in the cooler seasone1
- Comparator
- open canopye1
- Setting
- vineyard conditionst0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The effect of light intensity and temperature on berry growth and sugar accumulation in Vitis vinifera 'Shiraz' under vineyard conditions”
e1“Heavy shade reduced canopy temperatures by 3.2-6 °C in the cooler season and by 4-6 °C in the warmer seasons, relative to air temperature and compared with the open canopy”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy shade reduced canopy temperatures by 4-6 °C in the warmer seasons relative to air temperature and open canopy.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Material
- Shirazt0
- Treatment
- Heavy shadee1
- Outcome
- canopy temperaturese1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 4-6 °Ce1
- Qualifier
- in the warmer seasonse1
- Comparator
- open canopye1
- Setting
- vineyard conditionst0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The effect of light intensity and temperature on berry growth and sugar accumulation in Vitis vinifera 'Shiraz' under vineyard conditions”
e1“Heavy shade reduced canopy temperatures by 3.2-6 °C in the cooler season and by 4-6 °C in the warmer seasons, relative to air temperature and compared with the open canopy”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy shade delayed the onset of berry growth.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Material
- Shirazt0
- Treatment
- heavy shadee2
- Outcome
- onset of berry growthe2
- Direction
- delayede2
- Setting
- vineyard conditionst0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The effect of light intensity and temperature on berry growth and sugar accumulation in Vitis vinifera 'Shiraz' under vineyard conditions”
e2“The onset of berry growth was delayed by the heavy shade”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy shade did not affect the rate of sugar accumulation in berries.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Material
- Shirazt0
- Treatment
- heavy shadee2
- Outcome
- rate of sugar accumulatione3
- Direction
- not affectede3
- Setting
- vineyard conditionst0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The effect of light intensity and temperature on berry growth and sugar accumulation in Vitis vinifera 'Shiraz' under vineyard conditions”
e2“The onset of berry growth was delayed by the heavy shade”
e3“but the rate of sugar accumulation was not affected”
Claim · model-written summary
In the season with the most severe heat events, berry dry matter accumulation was significantly higher in shaded vines than in unshaded vines.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Material
- Shirazt0
- Treatment
- shaded treatmentse4
- Outcome
- berry dry matter accumulatione4
- Direction
- highere4
- Qualifier
- During the season with the most severe heat eventse4
- Comparator
- unshaded vinese4
- Setting
- vineyard conditionst0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The effect of light intensity and temperature on berry growth and sugar accumulation in Vitis vinifera 'Shiraz' under vineyard conditions”
e4“During the season with the most severe heat events, berry dry matter accumulation was significantly higher in the shaded treatments compared to the unshaded vines”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium and heavy shade protected the berry ripening process from high summer temperatures.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Material
- Shirazt0
- Treatment
- medium and heavy shadee5
- Outcome
- berry ripening processe5
- Direction
- conferred high levels of protection one5
- Setting
- vineyard conditionst0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The effect of light intensity and temperature on berry growth and sugar accumulation in Vitis vinifera 'Shiraz' under vineyard conditions”
e5“medium and heavy shade conferred high levels of protection on the berry ripening process from high summer temperatures”
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