Abstract
The effects of different irrigation-fertilization combinations on single cropping rice yield, water use and non-point pollution discharge were investigated in field experiment. The result demonstrated that, the average water demand, leakage, irrigation quota and water productivity of intermittent irrigation (II) and rainfall-collect intermittent irrigation (RCII) were 10.9%, 45.2%, 49.0% and 97.7% lower than those of basin irrigation (BI) (P < 0.01), while II and RCII did not show a significant difference on those parameters (P > 0.05). The yield and water productivity of three-time fertilization (3TF) were 4.1% and 4.8% higher than two-time fertilization (2TF) (P < 0.05). The interaction of water and fertilizer on yield achieved 40%, which showed positive influence. The average NO3--N and NH4+-N discharges of II and RCII were reduced 1.0% and 55.7% respectively compared with BI, while the NO3--N and NH4+-N discharges of RCII were reduced 1.0% and 67.6% than II; the NO3--N and NH4+-N discharges of 3TF were reduced 1.0% and 10.2% than 2TF. The optimal method of irrigation-fertilization combination was revealed by using the multi-objective decision model of entropy TOPSIS, the results indicated that, RCII combined with 3TF could optimize the effects of yield-increasing, water-saving, pollution-decreasing and fertilizer-conservation.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Intermittent and rainfall-collect intermittent irrigation reduced water demand by 10.9% versus basin irrigation.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- intermittent irrigation (II) and rainfall-collect intermittent irrigation (RCII)e0
- Outcome
- water demande0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 10.9%e0
- Comparator
- basin irrigation (BI)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the average water demand, leakage, irrigation quota and water productivity of intermittent irrigation (II) and rainfall-collect intermittent irrigation (RCII) were 10.9%, 45.2%, 49.0% and 97.7% lower than those of basin irrigation (BI) (P < 0.01)”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
These irrigation strategies reduced leakage by 45.2% versus basin irrigation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- intermittent irrigation (II) and rainfall-collect intermittent irrigation (RCII)e0
- Outcome
- leakagee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 45.2%e0
- Comparator
- basin irrigation (BI)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the average water demand, leakage, irrigation quota and water productivity of intermittent irrigation (II) and rainfall-collect intermittent irrigation (RCII) were 10.9%, 45.2%, 49.0% and 97.7% lower than those of basin irrigation (BI) (P < 0.01)”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
These irrigation strategies reduced irrigation quota by 49.0% versus basin irrigation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- intermittent irrigation (II) and rainfall-collect intermittent irrigation (RCII)e0
- Outcome
- irrigation quotae0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 49.0%e0
- Comparator
- basin irrigation (BI)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the average water demand, leakage, irrigation quota and water productivity of intermittent irrigation (II) and rainfall-collect intermittent irrigation (RCII) were 10.9%, 45.2%, 49.0% and 97.7% lower than those of basin irrigation (BI) (P < 0.01)”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
These irrigation strategies lowered water productivity by 97.7% versus basin irrigation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- intermittent irrigation (II) and rainfall-collect intermittent irrigation (RCII)e0
- Outcome
- water productivitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 97.7%e0
- Comparator
- basin irrigation (BI)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the average water demand, leakage, irrigation quota and water productivity of intermittent irrigation (II) and rainfall-collect intermittent irrigation (RCII) were 10.9%, 45.2%, 49.0% and 97.7% lower than those of basin irrigation (BI) (P < 0.01)”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
II and RCII did not differ significantly on the four water-use parameters.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- those parameterse0
- Direction
- did not show a significant differencee0
- Comparator
- II and RCIIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“II and RCII did not show a significant difference on those parameters (P > 0.05)”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Three-time fertilization increased rice yield by 4.1% versus two-time fertilization.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- three-time fertilization (3TF)e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 4.1%e0
- Comparator
- two-time fertilization (2TF)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield and water productivity of three-time fertilization (3TF) were 4.1% and 4.8% higher than two-time fertilization (2TF) (P < 0.05)”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Three-time fertilization increased water productivity by 4.8% versus two-time fertilization.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- three-time fertilization (3TF)e0
- Outcome
- water productivitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 4.8%e0
- Comparator
- two-time fertilization (2TF)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield and water productivity of three-time fertilization (3TF) were 4.1% and 4.8% higher than two-time fertilization (2TF) (P < 0.05)”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-by-fertilizer interaction positively influenced yield by 40%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- water and fertilizere0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- positive influencee0
- Value
- 40%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction of water and fertilizer on yield achieved 40%, which showed positive influence”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
II and RCII reduced NO3--N discharge by 1.0% relative to basin irrigation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- II and RCIIe0
- Outcome
- NO3--Ne0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 1.0%e0
- Comparator
- BIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average NO3--N and NH4+-N discharges of II and RCII were reduced 1.0% and 55.7% respectively compared with BI”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
II and RCII reduced NH4+-N discharge by 55.7% relative to basin irrigation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- II and RCIIe0
- Outcome
- NH4+-N dischargese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 55.7%e0
- Comparator
- BIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average NO3--N and NH4+-N discharges of II and RCII were reduced 1.0% and 55.7% respectively compared with BI”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
RCII reduced NO3--N discharge by 1.0% versus II.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the NO3--N and NH4+-N discharges of RCII were reduced 1.0% and 67.6% than II”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
RCII reduced NH4+-N discharge by 67.6% versus II.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- RCIIe0
- Outcome
- NH4+-N dischargese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 67.6%e0
- Comparator
- IIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the NO3--N and NH4+-N discharges of RCII were reduced 1.0% and 67.6% than II”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
3TF reduced NO3--N discharge by 1.0% versus 2TF.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the NO3--N and NH4+-N discharges of 3TF were reduced 1.0% and 10.2% than 2TF”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
3TF reduced NH4+-N discharge by 10.2% versus 2TF.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 3TFe0
- Outcome
- NH4+-N dischargese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 10.2%e0
- Comparator
- 2TFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the NO3--N and NH4+-N discharges of 3TF were reduced 1.0% and 10.2% than 2TF”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The multiobjective model selected RCII with 3TF as the optimum for yield, water, pollution and fertilizer outcomes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- yield-increasing, water-saving, pollution-decreasing and fertilizer-conservatione0
- Comparator
- RCII combined with 3TFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the results indicated that, RCII combined with 3TF could optimize the effects of yield-increasing, water-saving, pollution-decreasing and fertilizer-conservation”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend RCII combined with 3TF as the irrigation-fertilization combination.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- RCII combined with 3TF could optimize the effects of yield-increasing, water-saving, pollution-decreasing and fertilizer-conservatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RCII combined with 3TF could optimize the effects of yield-increasing, water-saving, pollution-decreasing and fertilizer-conservation”
t0“rice”
The same questions in other papers
rainfall · physiology: water · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →fertilization · physiology: water · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
56 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
58 papers more in this group
See all 62 papers →irrigation · physiology: water · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
29 papers in the same direction as this paper · 350 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
376 papers more in this group
See all 380 papers →fertilization · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
3,182 papers in the same direction as this paper · 207 in the opposite direction · 65 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
3,451 papers more in this group
See all 3,455 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.