Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of applying ethephon on postharvest tomato. Study Design: Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Applied Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Food Processing and Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Technology of Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh. It was conducted for a period of six months from 1st January, 2018 to 30th June, 2018. Methodology: TSS (Total Soluble Solid) was determined by using hand refractometer, proximate composition by standard AOAC method, vitamin C and β-carotene by UV-spectrophotometric method, sodium and potassium by flame photometric method, titratable acidity, calcium and magnesium by titremetric method. To compare differences in control and treated group, significant difference was considered at the level of P<0.05. Results: Ethephon treated tomatoes ripen quickly with attractive surface color and had shorter shelf life than non-treated tomatoes (control). Physico-chemical properties including total soluble solid and titratable acidity increased significantly (P<0.05) in treated group (4.66±0.57°B; 0.32±0.01% respectively) than control (3.33±0.57°B; 0.28±0.01% respectively). Moisture content also significantly (P<0.05) increased in ethephon treated tomato (94.15±0.27g/100g) than non-treated (85.54±0.23g/100g). But significantly lower amount of carbohydrate, ash, crude fiber were observed in artificially ripened tomato by ethephon (2.5±0.45g/100g; 0.51±0.02g/100g; 0.82±0.03g/100g respectively) than naturally ripened (3.7±0.26g/100g; 0.59±0.01g/100g; 0.90±0.01g/100g respectively). Apparently protein and fat content were found insignificantly less amount in artificially ripened tomato by ethephon. The significant lowest concentration of vitamin C and β-carotene were observed in ethephon ripened tomato (16.65±0.01mg/100g; 413.33±1.15μg/100g respectively). Mineral contents of ethephon treated tomato (Na 3.65±0.47mg/100g; K 199±1.00mg/100g; Ca 4.75±0.07mg/100g; Mg 8.57±0.19mg/100g) found significantly (P<0.05) fewer amounts than control tomato (Na 3.96±0.01mg/100g; K 213.67±0.57 mg/100g; Ca 5.57±0.15mg/100g; Mg 9.96±0.04mg/100g). Conclusion: Application of ethephon on postharvest tomato hastens ripening time and physico-chemical properties but reduces shelf life and nutritive value of tomato.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon-treated tomatoes ripened more quickly than untreated tomatoes.
- Taxon
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Ethephone0
- Outcome
- ripen quicklye0
- Direction
- quicklye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
e0“Ethephon treated tomatoes ripen quickly with attractive surface color and had shorter shelf life than non-treated tomatoes (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon-treated tomatoes developed attractive surface color.
- Taxon
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)Solanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Ethephone0
- Outcome
- attractive surface colore0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
e0“Ethephon treated tomatoes ripen quickly with attractive surface color and had shorter shelf life than non-treated tomatoes (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon-treated tomatoes had shorter shelf life than controls.
- Taxon
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)Solanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Ethephone0
- Outcome
- shelf lifee0
- Direction
- shortere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
e0“Ethephon treated tomatoes ripen quickly with attractive surface color and had shorter shelf life than non-treated tomatoes (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated tomatoes had significantly higher total soluble solids, 4.66±0.57°B.
- Taxon
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)Solanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Ethephone1
- Outcome
- total soluble solide0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4.66±0.57°Be0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
e0“total soluble solid and titratable acidity increased significantly (P<0.05) in treated group (4.66±0.57°B; 0.32±0.01% respectively) than control (3.33±0.57°B; 0.28±0.01% respectively)”
e1“Ethephon treated tomatoes ripen quickly with attractive surface color and had shorter shelf life than non-treated tomatoes (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated tomatoes had significantly higher titratable acidity, 0.32±0.01%.
- Taxon
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)Solanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Ethephone1
- Outcome
- titratable aciditye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.32±0.01%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
e0“total soluble solid and titratable acidity increased significantly (P<0.05) in treated group (4.66±0.57°B; 0.32±0.01% respectively) than control (3.33±0.57°B; 0.28±0.01% respectively)”
e1“Ethephon treated tomatoes ripen quickly with attractive surface color and had shorter shelf life than non-treated tomatoes (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Moisture content was significantly higher in ethephon-treated tomato, 94.15±0.27g/100g.
- Taxon
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)Solanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Ethephone1
- Outcome
- Moisture contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 94.15±0.27g/100ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
e0“Moisture content also significantly (P<0.05) increased in ethephon treated tomato (94.15±0.27g/100g) than non-treated (85.54±0.23g/100g)”
e1“Ethephon treated tomatoes ripen quickly with attractive surface color and had shorter shelf life than non-treated tomatoes (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbohydrate content was significantly lower after ethephon treatment, 2.5±0.45g/100g.
- Taxon
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)Solanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Ethephone1
- Outcome
- carbohydratee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 2.5±0.45g/100ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
e0“significantly lower amount of carbohydrate, ash, crude fiber were observed in artificially ripened tomato by ethephon (2.5±0.45g/100g; 0.51±0.02g/100g; 0.82±0.03g/100g respectively)”
e1“Ethephon treated tomatoes ripen quickly with attractive surface color and had shorter shelf life than non-treated tomatoes (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ash content was significantly lower after ethephon treatment, 0.51±0.02g/100g.
- Taxon
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)Solanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Ethephone1
- Outcome
- ashe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 0.51±0.02g/100ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
e0“significantly lower amount of carbohydrate, ash, crude fiber were observed in artificially ripened tomato by ethephon (2.5±0.45g/100g; 0.51±0.02g/100g; 0.82±0.03g/100g respectively)”
e1“Ethephon treated tomatoes ripen quickly with attractive surface color and had shorter shelf life than non-treated tomatoes (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude fiber was significantly lower after ethephon treatment, 0.82±0.03g/100g.
- Taxon
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)Solanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Ethephone1
- Outcome
- crude fibere0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 0.82±0.03g/100ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
e0“significantly lower amount of carbohydrate, ash, crude fiber were observed in artificially ripened tomato by ethephon (2.5±0.45g/100g; 0.51±0.02g/100g; 0.82±0.03g/100g respectively)”
e1“Ethephon treated tomatoes ripen quickly with attractive surface color and had shorter shelf life than non-treated tomatoes (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein content was lower without statistical significance after ethephon treatment.
- Taxon
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)Solanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Ethephone1
- Outcome
- proteine0
- Direction
- lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
e0“protein and fat content were found insignificantly less amount in artificially ripened tomato by ethephon”
e1“Ethephon treated tomatoes ripen quickly with attractive surface color and had shorter shelf life than non-treated tomatoes (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fat content was lower without statistical significance after ethephon treatment.
- Taxon
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)Solanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Ethephone1
- Outcome
- fat contente0
- Direction
- lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
e0“protein and fat content were found insignificantly less amount in artificially ripened tomato by ethephon”
e1“Ethephon treated tomatoes ripen quickly with attractive surface color and had shorter shelf life than non-treated tomatoes (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Vitamin C was significantly lower in ethephon-ripened tomato, 16.65±0.01mg/100g.
- Taxon
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)Solanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Ethephone1
- Outcome
- vitamin Ce0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 16.65±0.01mg/100ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
e0“The significant lowest concentration of vitamin C and β-carotene were observed in ethephon ripened tomato (16.65±0.01mg/100g; 413.33±1.15μg/100g respectively)”
e1“Ethephon treated tomatoes ripen quickly with attractive surface color and had shorter shelf life than non-treated tomatoes (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Beta-carotene was significantly lower in ethephon-ripened tomato, 413.33±1.15μg/100g.
- Taxon
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)Solanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Ethephone1
- Outcome
- β-carotenee0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 413.33±1.15μg/100ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
e0“The significant lowest concentration of vitamin C and β-carotene were observed in ethephon ripened tomato (16.65±0.01mg/100g; 413.33±1.15μg/100g respectively)”
e1“Ethephon treated tomatoes ripen quickly with attractive surface color and had shorter shelf life than non-treated tomatoes (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium was significantly lower in ethephon-treated tomato, 3.65±0.47mg/100g.
- Taxon
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)Solanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Ethephone1
- Outcome
- Nae0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Value
- 3.65±0.47mg/100ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
e0“Mineral contents of ethephon treated tomato (Na 3.65±0.47mg/100g; K 199±1.00mg/100g; Ca 4.75±0.07mg/100g; Mg 8.57±0.19mg/100g) found significantly (P<0.05) fewer amounts than control tomato”
e1“Ethephon treated tomatoes ripen quickly with attractive surface color and had shorter shelf life than non-treated tomatoes (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium was significantly lower in ethephon-treated tomato, 199±1.00mg/100g.
- Taxon
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)Solanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Ethephone1
- Outcome
- Ke0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Value
- 199±1.00mg/100ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
e0“Mineral contents of ethephon treated tomato (Na 3.65±0.47mg/100g; K 199±1.00mg/100g; Ca 4.75±0.07mg/100g; Mg 8.57±0.19mg/100g) found significantly (P<0.05) fewer amounts than control tomato”
e1“Ethephon treated tomatoes ripen quickly with attractive surface color and had shorter shelf life than non-treated tomatoes (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium was significantly lower in ethephon-treated tomato, 4.75±0.07mg/100g.
- Taxon
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)Solanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Ethephone1
- Outcome
- Cae0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Value
- 4.75±0.07mg/100ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
e0“Mineral contents of ethephon treated tomato (Na 3.65±0.47mg/100g; K 199±1.00mg/100g; Ca 4.75±0.07mg/100g; Mg 8.57±0.19mg/100g) found significantly (P<0.05) fewer amounts than control tomato”
e1“Ethephon treated tomatoes ripen quickly with attractive surface color and had shorter shelf life than non-treated tomatoes (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium was significantly lower in ethephon-treated tomato, 8.57±0.19mg/100g.
- Taxon
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)Solanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Ethephone1
- Outcome
- Mge0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Value
- 8.57±0.19mg/100ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
e0“Mineral contents of ethephon treated tomato (Na 3.65±0.47mg/100g; K 199±1.00mg/100g; Ca 4.75±0.07mg/100g; Mg 8.57±0.19mg/100g) found significantly (P<0.05) fewer amounts than control tomato”
e1“Ethephon treated tomatoes ripen quickly with attractive surface color and had shorter shelf life than non-treated tomatoes (control)”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.