Abstract
Signals and signaling pathways underlying the symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia have been studied extensively over the past decades. In a previous phosphoproteomic study on the Medicago truncatula-Sinorhizobium meliloti symbiosis, we identified plant proteins that are differentially phosphorylated upon the perception of rhizobial signals, called Nod factors. In this study, we provide experimental evidence that one of these proteins, Early Phosphorylated Protein 1 (EPP1), is required for the initiation of this symbiosis. Upon inoculation with rhizobia, MtEPP1 expression was induced in curled root hairs. Down-regulation of MtEPP1 in M. truncatula roots almost abolished calcium spiking, reduced the expression of essential symbiosis-related genes (MtNIN, MtNF-YB1, MtERN1 and MtENOD40) and strongly decreased nodule development. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that orthologs of MtEPP1 are present in legumes and specifically in plant species able to host arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, suggesting a possible role in this association too. Short chitin oligomers induced the phosphorylation of MtEPP1 like Nod factors. However, the down-regulation of MtEPP1 affected the colonization of M. truncatula roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi only moderately. Altogether, these findings indicate that MtEPP1 is essential for the establishment of the legume-rhizobia symbiosis but might plays a limited role in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobial inoculation induced MtEPP1 expression in curled root hairs.
- Taxon
- Medicago truncatula
Medicago truncatulat0 - Organ / stage
- curled root hairse0
- Treatment
- inoculation with rhizobiae0
- Interactor
- rhizobiae0symbiont
- Gene
- MtEPP1e0
- Outcome
- MtEPP1 expressione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Upon inoculation with rhizobia, MtEPP1 expression was induced in curled root hairs.”
t0“Medicago truncatula”
Claim · model-written summary
MtEPP1 down-regulation almost abolished calcium spiking.
- Taxon
- M. truncatulaMedicago truncatulae0
- Treatment
- Down-regulation of MtEPP1e0
- Gene
- MtEPP1e0
- Outcome
- calcium spikinge0
- Direction
- almost abolishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Down-regulation of MtEPP1 in M. truncatula roots almost abolished calcium spiking, reduced the expression of essential symbiosis-related genes (MtNIN, MtNF-YB1, MtERN1 and MtENOD40) and strongly decreased nodule development.”
Claim · model-written summary
MtEPP1 down-regulation reduced expression of four symbiosis genes.
- Taxon
- M. truncatulaMedicago truncatulae0
- Treatment
- Down-regulation of MtEPP1e0
- Gene
- MtEPP1e0
- Outcome
- expression of essential symbiosis-related genes (MtNIN, MtNF-YB1, MtERN1 and MtENOD40)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Down-regulation of MtEPP1 in M. truncatula roots almost abolished calcium spiking, reduced the expression of essential symbiosis-related genes (MtNIN, MtNF-YB1, MtERN1 and MtENOD40) and strongly decreased nodule development.”
Claim · model-written summary
MtEPP1 down-regulation strongly decreased nodule development.
- Taxon
- M. truncatulaMedicago truncatulae0
- Treatment
- Down-regulation of MtEPP1e0
- Gene
- MtEPP1e0
- Outcome
- nodule developmente0
- Direction
- strongly decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Down-regulation of MtEPP1 in M. truncatula roots almost abolished calcium spiking, reduced the expression of essential symbiosis-related genes (MtNIN, MtNF-YB1, MtERN1 and MtENOD40) and strongly decreased nodule development.”
Claim · model-written summary
MtEPP1 orthologs occur in legumes and plant species able to host arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
Verbatim
e0“Phylogenetic analyses revealed that orthologs of MtEPP1 are present in legumes and specifically in plant species able to host arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, suggesting a possible role in this association too.”
Claim · model-written summary
Short chitin oligomers induced MtEPP1 phosphorylation like Nod factors.
- Taxon
- M. truncatulaMedicago truncatulat0
- Treatment
- Short chitin oligomerse0
- Gene
- MtEPP1e0
- Outcome
- phosphorylation of MtEPP1e0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Comparator
- Nod factorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Short chitin oligomers induced the phosphorylation of MtEPP1 like Nod factors.”
t0“M. truncatula roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
MtEPP1 down-regulation affected mycorrhizal colonization only moderately.
- Taxon
- M. truncatulaMedicago truncatulae0
- Treatment
- down-regulation of MtEPP1e0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie0symbiont
- Gene
- MtEPP1e0
- Outcome
- colonization of M. truncatula roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the down-regulation of MtEPP1 affected the colonization of M. truncatula roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi only moderately.”
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