Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient, and deficiency in available Fe is one of the most important limiting factors for plant growth. In some species including Medicago truncatula, Fe deficiency results in accumulation of riboflavin, a response associated with Fe acquisition. However, how the plant's Fe status is integrated to tune riboflavin biosynthesis and how riboflavin levels affect Fe acquisition and utilization remains largely unexplored. We report that protein kinase CIPK12 regulates ferric reduction by accumulation of riboflavin and its derivatives in roots of M. truncatula via physiological and molecular characterization of its mutants and over-expressing materials. Mutations in CIPK12 enhance Fe accumulation and improve photosynthetic efficiency, whereas overexpression of CIPK12 shows the opposite phenotypes. The Calcineurin B-like proteins CBL3 and CBL8 interact with CIPK12, which negatively regulates the expression of genes encoding key enzymes in the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway. CIPK12 negatively regulates Fe acquisition by suppressing accumulation of riboflavin and its derivatives in roots, which in turn influences ferric reduction activity by riboflavin-dependent electron transport under Fe deficiency. Our findings uncover a new regulatory mechanism by which CIPK12 regulates riboflavin biosynthesis and Fe-deficiency responses in plants.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
CIPK12 regulates ferric reduction through riboflavin accumulation in roots.
- Taxon
- Medicago truncatula
Medicago truncatulat0 - Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Gene
- CIPK12e0
- Compound
- riboflavine0
- Outcome
- ferric reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“protein kinase CIPK12 regulates ferric reduction by accumulation of riboflavin and its derivatives in roots of M. truncatula”
t0“Medicago truncatula”
Claim · model-written summary
CIPK12 mutations enhanced iron accumulation.
- Taxon
- Medicago truncatulaMedicago truncatulat0
- Treatment
- Mutations in CIPK12e0
- Gene
- CIPK12e0
- Outcome
- Fe accumulatione0
- Direction
- enhancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mutations in CIPK12 enhance Fe accumulation”
t0“Medicago truncatula”
Claim · model-written summary
CIPK12 mutations improved photosynthetic efficiency.
- Taxon
- Medicago truncatulaMedicago truncatulat0
- Treatment
- Mutations in CIPK12e0
- Gene
- CIPK12e0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic efficiencye0
- Direction
- improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mutations in CIPK12 enhance Fe accumulation and improve photosynthetic efficiency”
t0“Medicago truncatula”
Claim · model-written summary
CIPK12 overexpression produced opposite phenotypes to mutations.
- Taxon
- Medicago truncatulaMedicago truncatulat0
- Treatment
- overexpression of CIPK12e0
- Gene
- CIPK12e0
- Outcome
- opposite phenotypese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“overexpression of CIPK12 shows the opposite phenotypes”
t0“Medicago truncatula”
Claim · model-written summary
CBL3 and CBL8 interact with CIPK12.
- Taxon
- Medicago truncatulaMedicago truncatulat0
- Gene
- CBL3 and CBL8e0
- Outcome
- interact with CIPK12e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Calcineurin B-like proteins CBL3 and CBL8 interact with CIPK12”
t0“Medicago truncatula”
Claim · model-written summary
CIPK12 negatively regulates expression of riboflavin biosynthesis enzyme genes.
- Taxon
- Medicago truncatulaMedicago truncatulat0
- Gene
- CIPK12e0
- Outcome
- expression of genes encoding key enzymes in the riboflavin biosynthesis pathwaye0
- Direction
- negatively regulatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CIPK12, which negatively regulates the expression of genes encoding key enzymes in the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway”
t0“Medicago truncatula”
Claim · model-written summary
CIPK12 suppresses root riboflavin accumulation and thereby negatively regulates iron acquisition.
- Taxon
- Medicago truncatulaMedicago truncatulat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Gene
- CIPK12e0
- Compound
- riboflavin and its derivativese0
- Outcome
- Fe acquisitione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CIPK12 negatively regulates Fe acquisition by suppressing accumulation of riboflavin and its derivatives in roots”
t0“Medicago truncatula”
Claim · model-written summary
Riboflavin-dependent electron transport influences ferric reduction under iron deficiency.
- Taxon
- Medicago truncatulaMedicago truncatulat0
- Compound
- riboflavine0
- Outcome
- ferric reduction activitye0
- Qualifier
- under Fe deficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in turn influences ferric reduction activity by riboflavin-dependent electron transport under Fe deficiency”
t0“Medicago truncatula”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · nutrient: content · Medicago truncatula (barrel medic)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.