Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) is regarded worldwide as indisputably one of the most important crops for human food and animal feed. The presence of symbiotic bacteria and fungi is essential for soybean breeding, especially in low-input agricultural systems. Research on the cooperation between different microbial symbionts is a key to understanding how the health and productivity of the plant is supported. The symbiotic effectivity of dual and tripartite symbiotic agents was investigated in two pot experiments on different soybean cultivars with special regard to compatibility. In the Selection experiment, two out of sixteen soybean cultivars (Aliz, Emese) were chosen on the basis of their drought tolerance and used in all the other investigations. In the Compatibility experiment, the compatible coupling of symbiotic partners was selected based on the efficiency of single and co-inoculation with two Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains and two commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) products. Significant differences were found in the infectivity and effectivity of the microsymbionts. The rhizobial and AMF inoculation generally improved plant production, photosynthetic efficiency and root activity, but this effect depended on the type of symbiotic assotiation. Despite the low infectivity of AMF, inocula containing fungi were more beneficial than those containing only rhizobia. In the Drought Stress (DS) experiment, co-inoculated and control plants were grown in chernozem soil originating from organic farms. Emese was more resistant to drought stress than Aliz and produced a bigger root system. Under DS, the growth parameters of both microbially inoculated cultivars were better than that of control, proving that even drought tolerant genotypes can strengthen their endurance due to inoculation with AMF and nitrogen fixing bacteria. Root electrical capacitance (C R ) showed a highly significant linear correlation with root and shoot dry mass and leaf area. The same root biomass was associated with higher C R in inoculated hosts. As C R method detects the absorptive surface increasing due to inoculation, it may be used to check the efficiency of the microbial treatment.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Infectivity and effectivity of the microsymbionts differed significantly.
- Taxon
- Glycine max
Glycine maxe1 - Interactor
- microsymbiontse2symbiont
- Outcome
- infectivity and effectivity of the microsymbiontse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Significant differences were found in the infectivity and effectivity of the microsymbionts”
e1“Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobial and AMF inoculation generally improved plant production, photosynthetic efficiency and root activity of soybean.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- rhizobial and AMF inoculatione3
- Interactor
- AMFe3symbiont
- Outcome
- plant production, photosynthetic efficiency and root activitye3
- Direction
- improvede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The rhizobial and AMF inoculation generally improved plant production, photosynthetic efficiency and root activity”
e1“Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Inocula containing fungi were more beneficial to soybean than inocula containing only rhizobia.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- inocula containing fungie4
- Interactor
- AMFe4symbiont
- Outcome
- beneficiale4
- Direction
- moree4
- Comparator
- those containing only rhizobiae4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Despite the low infectivity of AMF, inocula containing fungi were more beneficial than those containing only rhizobia”
e1“Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Emese was more resistant to drought stress than Aliz.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Emesee5
- Outcome
- resistant to drought stresse5
- Direction
- moree5
- Comparator
- Alize5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Emese was more resistant to drought stress than Aliz and produced a bigger root system”
e1“Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Emese produced a bigger root system than Aliz.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Emese was more resistant to drought stress than Aliz and produced a bigger root system”
e1“Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought stress, both microbially inoculated soybean cultivars had better growth parameters than the control.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- inoculation with AMF and nitrogen fixing bacteriae6
- Interactor
- AMFe6symbiont
- Second interactor
- nitrogen fixing bacteriae6symbiont
- Outcome
- growth parameterse6
- Direction
- bettere6
- Qualifier
- Under DSe6
- Comparator
- controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Under DS, the growth parameters of both microbially inoculated cultivars were better than that of control, proving that even drought tolerant genotypes can strengthen their endurance due to inoculation with AMF and nitrogen fixing bacteria”
e1“Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Root electrical capacitance showed a highly significant linear correlation with root and shoot dry mass and leaf area.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- root and shoote7
- Outcome
- Root electrical capacitance (C R )e7
- Qualifier
- linear correlation with root and shoot dry mass and leaf areae7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Root electrical capacitance (C R ) showed a highly significant linear correlation with root and shoot dry mass and leaf area”
e1“Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The same root biomass was associated with higher root electrical capacitance in inoculated soybean.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- inoculated hostse0
- Outcome
- C Re0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The same root biomass was associated with higher C R in inoculated hosts”
e1“Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The root electrical capacitance method detects an increase in absorptive surface due to inoculation.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- absorptive surfacee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As C R method detects the absorptive surface increasing due to inoculation”
e1“Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.)”
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