Abstract
The study investigated the impact of the interaction between soybean and rhizobia on the assimilation apparatus functioning and biomass accumulation in different soybean lines with varying photoperiod sensitivity. Nearly isogenic lines (NILs) of soybean were used, with genes E1, E2, and E3 in different allelic states: Clark (e1E2E3), L80-5879 (E1e2e3), L63-3117 (e1e2E3), and L71-920 (e1e2e3). The experimental group for each line was treated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b. Plants were grown under natural long-day conditions (16 hours). Growth indicators of the studied lines, such as relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area ratio (LAR), and specific leaf area (SLA), were analyzed, as well as the content of chlorophylls A and B in the V3 and V5 developmental stages. The results demonstrate that the influence of rhizobia on the functioning of the assimilation apparatus and biomass accumulation depends on the soybean line genotype. In the study, RGR, which characterizes the biomass accumulation rate, has similar trends to those observed with NAR, characterizing the assimilation apparatus's functioning. However, each line showed its own tendencies. For instance, in the short-day variety Clark, under bacterial influence, the value of RGR and NAR decreased. Additionally, LAR and SLA values indicated a reduction in the total photosynthetic surface area and leaf dry matter. Bacterial inoculation did not significantly affect the content of photosynthetic pigments in Clark leaves. Another short-day line, L80-5879, showed no significant impact of bacterial inoculation on biomass accumulation. However, soybean interaction with Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b led to a decrease in leaf surface area and dry matter content. Probably, bacterial inoculation supported assimilation processes by increasing auxiliary chlorophyll b in photosystem I. A general trend of significant RGR reduction in neutral-day soybean lines, L63-3117 and L71-920, was identified under bacterial influence. The interaction with rhizobia differently affected LAR and SLA values, indicating distinct adaptive mechanisms to the interactions. In conditions of almost zero plant biomass accumulation, Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b caused a decrease in the total photosynthetic surface area and chlorophyll a and b content in the L63-3117 line. In L71-920, bacterial inoculation had no effect on the total photosynthetic surface area, while leaf dry matter and photosynthetic pigment content decreased. The obtained results demonstrate that interaction with rhizobia can influence the functioning of the assimilation apparatus in soybeans with varying photoperiod sensitivity that is determined by genotype. It is important in improving soybean productivity and its application in agricultural practices.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Bradyrhizobium inoculation decreased RGR and NAR of the short-day soybean variety Clark.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Material
- Clarke2
- Treatment
- treated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634be1
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b
Bradyrhizobium japonicume1symbiont - Outcome
- RGR and NARe2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study investigated the impact of the interaction between soybean and rhizobia”
e1“The experimental group for each line was treated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b”
e2“in the short-day variety Clark, under bacterial influence, the value of RGR and NAR decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Bradyrhizobium inoculation decreased total photosynthetic surface area and leaf dry matter in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- treated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634be1
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634bBradyrhizobium japonicume1symbiont
- Outcome
- total photosynthetic surface area and leaf dry mattere3
- Direction
- reductione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study investigated the impact of the interaction between soybean and rhizobia”
e1“The experimental group for each line was treated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b”
e3“Additionally, LAR and SLA values indicated a reduction in the total photosynthetic surface area and leaf dry matter”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation did not significantly change photosynthetic pigment content in Clark leaves.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- Clarke4
- Organ / stage
- leavese4
- Treatment
- Bacterial inoculatione4
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634bBradyrhizobium japonicume1symbiont
- Outcome
- content of photosynthetic pigmentse4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study investigated the impact of the interaction between soybean and rhizobia”
e1“The experimental group for each line was treated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b”
e4“Bacterial inoculation did not significantly affect the content of photosynthetic pigments in Clark leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation did not significantly change biomass accumulation of the short-day line L80-5879.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- L80-5879e5
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione5
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634bBradyrhizobium japonicume1symbiont
- Outcome
- biomass accumulatione5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study investigated the impact of the interaction between soybean and rhizobia”
e1“The experimental group for each line was treated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b”
e5“Another short-day line, L80-5879, showed no significant impact of bacterial inoculation on biomass accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation probably supported assimilation processes by increasing auxiliary chlorophyll b in photosystem I of soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione6
- Outcome
- assimilation processese6
- Qualifier
- by increasing auxiliary chlorophyll b in photosystem Ie6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study investigated the impact of the interaction between soybean and rhizobia”
e6“Probably, bacterial inoculation supported assimilation processes by increasing auxiliary chlorophyll b in photosystem I”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial influence significantly reduced RGR in the neutral-day soybean line L63-3117.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe7
- Material
- L63-3117e7
- Treatment
- bacterial influencee7
- Outcome
- RGRe7
- Direction
- reductione7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“A general trend of significant RGR reduction in neutral-day soybean lines, L63-3117 and L71-920, was identified under bacterial influence”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial influence significantly reduced RGR in the neutral-day soybean line L71-920.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe7
- Material
- L71-920e7
- Treatment
- bacterial influencee7
- Outcome
- RGRe7
- Direction
- reductione7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“A general trend of significant RGR reduction in neutral-day soybean lines, L63-3117 and L71-920, was identified under bacterial influence”
Claim · model-written summary
Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b decreased total photosynthetic surface area and chlorophyll a and b content in soybean line L63-3117 under almost zero plant biomass accumulation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- L63-3117e2
- Treatment
- Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634be2
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634bBradyrhizobium japonicume2symbiont
- Outcome
- total photosynthetic surface area and chlorophyll a and b contente2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Qualifier
- almost zero plant biomass accumulatione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study investigated the impact of the interaction between soybean and rhizobia”
e2“In conditions of almost zero plant biomass accumulation, Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b caused a decrease in the total photosynthetic surface area and chlorophyll a and b content in the L63-3117 line”
Claim · model-written summary
In soybean line L71-920 bacterial inoculation had no effect on total photosynthetic surface area.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- L71-920e2
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione2
- Outcome
- total photosynthetic surface areae2
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study investigated the impact of the interaction between soybean and rhizobia”
e2“In L71-920, bacterial inoculation had no effect on the total photosynthetic surface area, while leaf dry matter and photosynthetic pigment content decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
In soybean line L71-920 bacterial inoculation decreased leaf dry matter and photosynthetic pigment content.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- L71-920e2
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione2
- Outcome
- leaf dry matter and photosynthetic pigment contente2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study investigated the impact of the interaction between soybean and rhizobia”
e2“In L71-920, bacterial inoculation had no effect on the total photosynthetic surface area, while leaf dry matter and photosynthetic pigment content decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Interaction with rhizobia affected LAR and SLA values differently across soybean lines.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- interaction with rhizobiae2
- Outcome
- LAR and SLA valuese2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study investigated the impact of the interaction between soybean and rhizobia”
e2“The interaction with rhizobia differently affected LAR and SLA values”
Claim · model-written summary
The relation of RGR to NAR shows similar trends in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- RGRe2
- Comparator
- NARe2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study investigated the impact of the interaction between soybean and rhizobia”
e2“RGR, which characterizes the biomass accumulation rate, has similar trends to those observed with NAR”
Claim · model-written summary
The influence of rhizobia on assimilation apparatus functioning and biomass accumulation depends on the soybean line genotype.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Material
- soybean line genotypee2
- Treatment
- rhizobiae2
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634bBradyrhizobium japonicume1symbiont
- Outcome
- functioning of the assimilation apparatus and biomass accumulatione2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study investigated the impact of the interaction between soybean and rhizobia”
e1“The experimental group for each line was treated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b”
e2“The results demonstrate that the influence of rhizobia on the functioning of the assimilation apparatus and biomass accumulation depends on the soybean line genotype”
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