Abstract
It is unclear how sustained increases in temperature and changes in precipitation, as a result of climate change, will affect crops and their interactions with agricultural weeds, insect pests and predators, due to the difficulties in quantifying changes in such complex relationships. We simulated the combined effects of increasing temperature (by an average of 1.4°C over a growing season) and applying additional rainwater (10% of the monthly mean added weekly, 40% total) using a replicated, randomized block experiment within a wheat crop. We examined how this affected the structure of 24 quantitative replicate plant-aphid-parasitoid networks constructed using DNA-based methods. Simulated climate warming affected species richness, significantly altered consumer-resource asymmetries and reduced network complexity. Increased temperature induced an aphid outbreak, but the parasitism rates of aphids by parasitoid wasps remained unchanged. It also drove changes in the crop, altering in particular the phenology of the wheat as well as its quality (i.e., fewer, lighter seeds). We discuss the importance of considering the wider impacts of climate change on interacting species across trophic levels in agroecosystems.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated climate warming affected species richness in the wheat crop network.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- Simulated climate warminge0
- Outcome
- species richnesse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Simulated climate warming affected species richness, significantly altered consumer-resource asymmetries and reduced network complexity”
e1“within a wheat crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated climate warming significantly altered consumer-resource asymmetries in the wheat crop network.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Simulated climate warminge0
- Outcome
- consumer-resource asymmetriese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Simulated climate warming affected species richness, significantly altered consumer-resource asymmetries and reduced network complexity”
e1“within a wheat crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated climate warming reduced network complexity in the wheat crop network.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Simulated climate warminge0
- Outcome
- network complexitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Simulated climate warming affected species richness, significantly altered consumer-resource asymmetries and reduced network complexity”
e1“within a wheat crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased temperature induced an aphid outbreak in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Increased temperaturee2
- Interactor
- aphide2pest
- Outcome
- aphid outbreake2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“within a wheat crop”
e2“Increased temperature induced an aphid outbreak”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased temperature did not change the parasitism rates of aphids by parasitoid wasps.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Increased temperaturee3
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphae3pest
- Second interactor
- parasitoid waspse3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- parasitism rates of aphidse3
- Direction
- remained unchangede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“within a wheat crop”
e3“Increased temperature induced an aphid outbreak, but the parasitism rates of aphids by parasitoid wasps remained unchanged”
Claim · model-written summary
Warming altered the phenology of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- phenology of the wheate4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“within a wheat crop”
e4“altering in particular the phenology of the wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated climate warming reduced the number of wheat seeds.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Simulated climate warminge0
- Outcome
- seedse5
- Direction
- fewere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Simulated climate warming affected species richness, significantly altered consumer-resource asymmetries and reduced network complexity”
e1“within a wheat crop”
e5“fewer, lighter seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated climate warming made wheat seeds lighter.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Simulated climate warminge0
- Outcome
- seedse5
- Direction
- lightere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Simulated climate warming affected species richness, significantly altered consumer-resource asymmetries and reduced network complexity”
e1“within a wheat crop”
e5“fewer, lighter seeds”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.