Abstract
A field experiment was conducted over two years to evaluate the effects of biochar (B) and poultry manure (PM) on soil properties, leaf nutrient concentrations and root yield of radish. The experiment consisted of 3 × 3 factorial combinations of B (0, 25 and 50 t ha−1) and PM (0, 2.5 and 5.0 t ha−1). Applications of B and PM on their own, and in combination, improved soil physical and chemical properties, leaf nutrient concentrations and yield components of radish. In the second year (2016), application of B on its own increased soil pH and concentrations of organic matter, N, P, K, Ca and Mg, as well as leaf nutrient concentrations and yield, but in the first year (2015) it only increased soil pH and organic matter. In both years, application of B influenced root length of the radish significantly. There was a significant interaction effect of biochar and poultry manure, which was attributed to the ability of the B to increase the efficiency of the utilization of the nutrients in the PM. The combination of 50 t ha−1 B and 5 t ha−1 PM resulted in the highest radish yield, with increases in root weight by 193%, 252% and 252% compared with B alone at 50 t ha−1, at 25 t ha−1 and no application of B or PM, respectively. Therefore, for a short season crop like radish the expected benefit of applying B on its own without PM may not be achieved within the first year.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and poultry manure, alone and combined, improved soil physical and chemical properties, leaf nutrient concentrations and yield components of radish.
- Taxon
- radish
Raphanus sativust0 - Treatment
- Applications of B and PMe1
- Outcome
- soil physical and chemical properties, leaf nutrient concentrations and yield componentse1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“radish”
e1“Applications of B and PM on their own, and in combination, improved soil physical and chemical properties, leaf nutrient concentrations and yield components of radish”
Claim · model-written summary
In the second year, biochar alone increased soil pH and organic matter concentration.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- application of B on its owne2
- Outcome
- soil pH and concentrations of organic mattere2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- In the second year (2016)e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“radish”
e2“In the second year (2016), application of B on its own increased soil pH and concentrations of organic matter, N, P, K, Ca and Mg, as well as leaf nutrient concentrations and yield, but in the first year (2015) it only increased soil pH and organic matter”
Claim · model-written summary
In the second year, biochar alone increased soil N, P and K concentrations.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- application of B on its owne2
- Outcome
- N, P, Ke2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- In the second year (2016)e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“radish”
e2“In the second year (2016), application of B on its own increased soil pH and concentrations of organic matter, N, P, K, Ca and Mg, as well as leaf nutrient concentrations and yield, but in the first year (2015) it only increased soil pH and organic matter”
Claim · model-written summary
In the second year, biochar alone increased soil Ca and Mg concentrations.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- application of B on its owne2
- Outcome
- Ca and Mge2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- In the second year (2016)e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“radish”
e2“In the second year (2016), application of B on its own increased soil pH and concentrations of organic matter, N, P, K, Ca and Mg, as well as leaf nutrient concentrations and yield, but in the first year (2015) it only increased soil pH and organic matter”
Claim · model-written summary
In the second year, biochar alone increased leaf nutrient concentrations and yield of radish.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- application of B on its owne2
- Outcome
- leaf nutrient concentrations and yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- In the second year (2016)e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“radish”
e2“In the second year (2016), application of B on its own increased soil pH and concentrations of organic matter, N, P, K, Ca and Mg, as well as leaf nutrient concentrations and yield, but in the first year (2015) it only increased soil pH and organic matter”
Claim · model-written summary
In the first year, biochar alone increased only soil pH and organic matter.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- application of B on its owne2
- Outcome
- soil pH and organic mattere2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- in the first year (2015)e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“radish”
e2“In the second year (2016), application of B on its own increased soil pH and concentrations of organic matter, N, P, K, Ca and Mg, as well as leaf nutrient concentrations and yield, but in the first year (2015) it only increased soil pH and organic matter”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar alone significantly influenced radish root length in both years.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- application of Be7
- Outcome
- root lengthe7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“radish”
e7“In both years, application of B influenced root length of the radish significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
A significant interaction between biochar and poultry manure on radish was attributed to biochar increasing the efficiency of nutrient use from poultry manure.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Outcome
- interaction effect of biochar and poultry manuree1
- Qualifier
- the ability of the B to increase the efficiency of the utilization of the nutrients in the PMe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“radish”
e1“There was a significant interaction effect of biochar and poultry manure, which was attributed to the ability of the B to increase the efficiency of the utilization of the nutrients in the PM”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of 50 t/ha biochar and 5 t/ha poultry manure gave the highest radish yield.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- 50 t ha−1 B and 5 t ha−1 PMe1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“radish”
e1“The combination of 50 t ha−1 B and 5 t ha−1 PM resulted in the highest radish yield, with increases in root weight by 193%, 252% and 252% compared with B alone at 50 t ha−1, at 25 t ha−1 and no application of B or PM, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of 50 t/ha biochar and 5 t/ha poultry manure increased radish root weight by 193% compared with biochar alone at 50 t/ha.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- 50 t ha−1 B and 5 t ha−1 PMe1
- Outcome
- root weighte1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Value
- 193%e1
- Comparator
- B alone at 50 t ha−1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“radish”
e1“The combination of 50 t ha−1 B and 5 t ha−1 PM resulted in the highest radish yield, with increases in root weight by 193%, 252% and 252% compared with B alone at 50 t ha−1, at 25 t ha−1 and no application of B or PM, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of 50 t/ha biochar and 5 t/ha poultry manure increased radish root weight by 252% compared with biochar alone at 25 t/ha.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- 50 t ha−1 B and 5 t ha−1 PMe1
- Outcome
- root weighte1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Value
- 252%e1
- Comparator
- at 25 t ha−1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“radish”
e1“The combination of 50 t ha−1 B and 5 t ha−1 PM resulted in the highest radish yield, with increases in root weight by 193%, 252% and 252% compared with B alone at 50 t ha−1, at 25 t ha−1 and no application of B or PM, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of 50 t/ha biochar and 5 t/ha poultry manure increased radish root weight by 252% compared with no biochar or manure.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- 50 t ha−1 B and 5 t ha−1 PMe1
- Outcome
- root weighte1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Value
- 252%e1
- Comparator
- no application of B or PMe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“radish”
e1“The combination of 50 t ha−1 B and 5 t ha−1 PM resulted in the highest radish yield, with increases in root weight by 193%, 252% and 252% compared with B alone at 50 t ha−1, at 25 t ha−1 and no application of B or PM, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying biochar alone without poultry manure may not give the expected radish benefit within the first year.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Outcome
- the expected benefit of applying B on its own without PMe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“radish”
e1“Therefore, for a short season crop like radish the expected benefit of applying B on its own without PM may not be achieved within the first year”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · yield · Raphanus sativus (radish)Results differ
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- no effect
- no effect
- negative
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89 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
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See all 111 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.