Abstract
Chitosan play an important role as an antifungal against Botrytis cinerea and the effect was a concentration dependent. The obtained results of in vitro experiment demonstrated that chitosan (4%) decreased radial growth of B. cinereato 80%. Invivo the severity of infection reduced from 59.8 , 89.4 and 100.0 to 9.7, 33.8 and 40.1 in first, second and third week’s storage periods at 13C, respectively. Also, chitosan coating (4%) significantly caused an increase in fruit firmness whereas TSS was decreased with an increase by increasing in storage time. However,Vitamin C gave fluctuated results by increasing storage time. Gamma irradiation at 2.5 KGy reduced severity (%) of infected fruits from 55.5, 100 and 100 to 31.7, 45.9 and 49.9 and in healthy fruits severity (%) reduced from 48.9, 100 and 100 to 23.3, 25.1 and 29.1 in different storage periods 1, 2 and 3 weeks, respectively. Similarly, chitosan as well as gamma irradiation combination induced a significant increase of peroxidase enzyme (POD) activity. Induced changes in surface morphology and damage of cell structure caused by using chitosan shown by scanning electron microscopy. Also, gamma irradiation causes changes in hyphea structure and in surface morphology but combination of gamma irradiation with chitosan was more effective in altering fungus morphology and cell structure damage and no spore forming. This providing the efficiency of combination on reducing disease severity (%) of strawberry.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Four percent chitosan decreased Botrytis radial growth to 80% in vitro.
- Taxon
- Strawberries Fruits
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- chitosan (4%)e0
- Interactor
- B. cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Outcome
- radial growth of B. cinereae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 80%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Strawberries Fruits”
e0“chitosan (4%) decreased radial growth of B. cinereato 80%”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan reduced infection severity over three weeks of storage at 13°C.
- Taxon
- Strawberries FruitsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- chitosane1
- Outcome
- severity of infectione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 9.7, 33.8 and 40.1e0
- Setting
- 13Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberries Fruits”
e0“severity of infection reduced from 59.8 , 89.4 and 100.0 to 9.7, 33.8 and 40.1 in first, second and third week’s storage periods at 13C”
e1“chitosan (4%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Four percent chitosan coating significantly increased fruit firmness.
- Taxon
- Strawberries FruitsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- chitosan coating (4%)e0
- Outcome
- fruit firmnesse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberries Fruits”
e0“chitosan coating (4%) significantly caused an increase in fruit firmness”
Claim · model-written summary
TSS decreased with increasing storage time under chitosan coating.
- Taxon
- Strawberries FruitsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- storage timee0
- Outcome
- TSSe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberries Fruits”
e0“TSS was decreased with an increase by increasing in storage time”
Claim · model-written summary
Vitamin C fluctuated with storage time.
- Taxon
- Strawberries FruitsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- storage timee0
- Outcome
- Vitamin Ce0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberries Fruits”
e0“Vitamin C gave fluctuated results by increasing storage time”
Claim · model-written summary
Gamma irradiation at 2.5 KGy reduced disease severity in infected fruits across three storage periods.
- Taxon
- Strawberries FruitsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Gamma irradiation at 2.5 KGye0
- Outcome
- severity (%) of infected fruitse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 31.7, 45.9 and 49.9e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberries Fruits”
e0“Gamma irradiation at 2.5 KGy reduced severity (%) of infected fruits from 55.5, 100 and 100 to 31.7, 45.9 and 49.9”
Claim · model-written summary
Gamma irradiation reduced disease severity in healthy fruits across three storage periods.
- Taxon
- Strawberries FruitsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Gamma irradiatione1
- Outcome
- severity (%)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 23.3, 25.1 and 29.1e0
- Qualifier
- healthy fruitse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberries Fruits”
e0“in healthy fruits severity (%) reduced from 48.9, 100 and 100 to 23.3, 25.1 and 29.1”
e1“Gamma irradiation at 2.5 KGy”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined chitosan and gamma irradiation significantly increased peroxidase activity.
- Taxon
- Strawberries FruitsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- chitosan as well as gamma irradiation combinatione0
- Outcome
- peroxidase enzyme (POD) activitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberries Fruits”
e0“chitosan as well as gamma irradiation combination induced a significant increase of peroxidase enzyme (POD) activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan caused changes in fungal surface morphology and cell damage.
- Taxon
- Strawberries FruitsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- chitosane0
- Outcome
- changes in surface morphology and damage of cell structuree0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberries Fruits”
e0“Induced changes in surface morphology and damage of cell structure caused by using chitosan”
Claim · model-written summary
Gamma irradiation changed fungal hyphal structure and surface morphology.
- Taxon
- Strawberries FruitsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- gamma irradiatione0
- Outcome
- changes in hyphea structure and in surface morphologye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberries Fruits”
e0“gamma irradiation causes changes in hyphea structure and in surface morphology”
Claim · model-written summary
The irradiation–chitosan combination more effectively altered fungal morphology and cell structure, with no spore formation.
- Taxon
- Strawberries FruitsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- combination of gamma irradiation with chitosane0
- Outcome
- altering fungus morphology and cell structure damage and no spore forminge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberries Fruits”
e0“combination of gamma irradiation with chitosan was more effective in altering fungus morphology and cell structure damage and no spore forming”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.