Abstract
Introduction Bacillus velezensis is a ubiquitous bacterium with potent antifungal activity and a plant growth promoter. This study investigated the potential of B. velezensis CNPMS-22 as a biocontrol agent against phytopathogenic fungi under diverse experimental conditions and its potential as a plant growth promoter. Genome sequencing and analysis revealed putative genes involved in these traits. Methods This research performed in vitro experiments to evaluate the CNPMS-22 antagonistic activity against 10 phytopathogenic fungi using dual culture in plate (DCP) and inverted sealed plate assay (ISP). Greenhouse and field tests evaluated the ability of CNPMS-22 to control Fusarium verticillioides in maize plants in vivo . The CNPMS-22 genome was sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 4,000 platform, and genomic analysis also included manual procedures to identify genes of interest accurately. Results CNPMS-22 showed antifungal activity in vitro against all fungi tested, with notable reductions in mycelial growth in both DCP and ISP experiments. In the ISP, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by CNPMS-22 also altered the mycelium coloration of some fungi. Scanning electron microscopy revealed morphological alterations in the hyphae of F . verticillioides in contact with CNPMS-22, including twisted, wrinkled, and ruptured hyphae. Eight cluster candidates for synthesizing non-ribosomal lipopeptides and ribosomal genes for extracellular lytic enzymes, biofilm, VOCs, and other secondary metabolites with antifungal activity and plant growth promoters were identified by genomic analysis. The greenhouse and field experiments showed that seed treatment with CNPMS-22 reduced Fusarium symptoms in plants and increased maize productivity. Conclusion Our findings highlight the CNPMS-22’s potential as bioinoculant for fungal disease control and plant growth with valuable implications for a sustainable crop productivity.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
CNPMS-22 inhibited mycelial growth of all ten tested phytopathogenic fungi in vitro.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CNPMS-22 showed antifungal activity in vitro against all fungi tested, with notable reductions in mycelial growth in both DCP and ISP experiments.”
t0“maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
CNPMS-22 VOCs altered mycelium coloration of some fungi.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by CNPMS-22 also altered the mycelium coloration of some fungi”
t0“maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Contact with CNPMS-22 produced twisted, wrinkled and ruptured F. verticillioides hyphae.
- Interactor
- F . verticillioides
Fusarium verticillioidese0pathogen - Second interactor
- CNPMS-22e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- morphological alterations in the hyphae of F . verticillioidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“morphological alterations in the hyphae of F . verticillioides in contact with CNPMS-22, including twisted, wrinkled, and ruptured hyphae”
t0“maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Genomic analysis identified eight candidate clusters for lipopeptides and genes linked to antagonism and growth promotion.
- Interactor
- CNPMS-22t1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Eight cluster candidates for synthesizing non-ribosomal lipopeptides and ribosomal genese0
- Value
- Eighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eight cluster candidates for synthesizing non-ribosomal lipopeptides and ribosomal genes for extracellular lytic enzymes, biofilm, VOCs, and other secondary metabolites with antifungal activity and plant growth promoters were identified by genomic analysis.”
t0“maize plants”
t1“CNPMS-22 as biocontrol agent”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment with CNPMS-22 reduced Fusarium symptoms in maize.
- Treatment
- seed treatment with CNPMS-22e0
- Second interactor
- CNPMS-22e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Fusarium symptomse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed treatment with CNPMS-22 reduced Fusarium symptoms in plants”
t0“maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment with CNPMS-22 increased maize productivity.
- Treatment
- seed treatment with CNPMS-22e0
- Interactor
- CNPMS-22e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- maize productivitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed treatment with CNPMS-22 reduced Fusarium symptoms in plants and increased maize productivity”
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