Paper · 2021 · Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity

The effect of biological agent and botanical fungicides on maize downy mildew

Joko Prasetyo; Cipta Ginting; Hasriadi Mat Akin; et al.

5
claims
9
verbatim quotes
11
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

Abstract. Prasetyo J, Ginting C, Akin HM, Suharjo R, Niswati A, Afandi A, Adiwijaya R, Sudiono, Nurdin M. 2021. The effect of biological agent and botanical fungicides on maize downy mildew. Biodiversitas 22: 1652-1657. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the combination of Trichoderma asperellum and mycorrhizae with botanical fungicides made from betel leaf extract or turmeric extract against maize downy mildew. The study used a randomized complete block (RCB) design with three replications. The treatments applied were: single applications of T. asperellum (Ta); arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF); turmeric extract (T); betel extract (B); the combination of T. asperellum and AMF (TaM); turmeric extract and T. asperellum (TTa); turmeric extract and AMF (TM); turmeric extract + T. asperellum + AMF (TTaM); betel extract + T. asperellum (BTa); betel extract + AMF (BM); betel + T. asperellum + AMF (BTaM); and Control (C). The observed variables were disease incidence, incubation period, and shoot dry weight. The data were analyzed using ANOVA. Differences between treatments were tested by the LSD test at 5% significance level. The results showed that the combination of botanical fungicides with biological agents could reduce the incidence of downy mildew, extend the incubation period, and increase the dry weight of corn shoots. The best combination treatment was achieved from the combination of T. asperellum with betel extract. There was a synergistic effect between botanical fungicides and biological agents in reducing the disease incidence.

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Claims 5

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Botanical fungicides combined with biological agents reduced maize downy mildew incidence.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse0t0
Treatment
combination of botanical fungicides with biological agentse0t0
Outcome
incidence of downy mildewe0t0
Direction
reducee0t0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“the combination of botanical fungicides with biological agents could reduce the incidence of downy mildew”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1179–1284 · show in text ↑
t0

“maize downy mildew”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 59–77 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The combination extended the incubation period of maize downy mildew.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse0t0
Treatment
combination of botanical fungicides with biological agentse0t0
Outcome
incubation periode0t0
Direction
extende0t0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“the combination of botanical fungicides with biological agents could reduce the incidence of downy mildew, extend the incubation period”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1179–1314 · show in text ↑
t0

“maize downy mildew”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 59–77 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The combination increased corn shoot dry weight.

Treatment
combination of botanical fungicides with biological agentse0
Outcome
dry weight of corn shootse0
Direction
increasee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“the combination of botanical fungicides with biological agents could reduce the incidence of downy mildew, extend the incubation period, and increase the dry weight of corn shoots”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1179–1358 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

T. asperellum with betel extract was the best combination treatment.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse0t0
Treatment
combination of T. asperellum with betel extracte0t0
Outcome
best combination treatmente0t0
Direction
beste0t0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The best combination treatment was achieved from the combination of T. asperellum with betel extract”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1360–1460 · show in text ↑
t0

“maize downy mildew”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 59–77 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Botanical fungicides and biological agents acted synergistically to reduce maize downy mildew incidence.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse0t0
Treatment
botanical fungicides and biological agentse0t0
Outcome
disease incidencee0t0
Direction
reducinge0t0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“There was a synergistic effect between botanical fungicides and biological agents in reducing the disease incidence”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1462–1577 · show in text ↑
t0

“maize downy mildew”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 59–77 · show in text ↑

fungicide · growth · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

34 papers: 19 positive, 15 negative or no effect

18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. negative

30 papers more in this group

See all 34 papers →

fungicide · disease · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

63 papers: 53 positive, 10 negative or no effect

52 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

59 papers more in this group

See all 63 papers →

botanical · disease · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

67 papers: 57 positive, 10 negative or no effect

56 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. negative
  3. negative

63 papers more in this group

See all 67 papers →

botanical · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

340 papers: 198 positive, 142 negative or no effect

197 papers in the same direction as this paper · 140 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. negative
  3. negative

336 papers more in this group

See all 340 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.