Abstract
Maize producers transitioning to an organic cropping system must grow crops organically without price premiums for 36 months before certification. We evaluated conventional and organic maize with recommended and high seeding and N rates in New York to identify the best organic management practices during the transition. Conventional versus organic maize management differences included a treated (fungicide/insecticide) Genetically Modified (GM) hybrid versus a non-treated non-GM isoline; side-dressed synthetic N versus pre-plow composted manure; and Glyphosate versus mechanical weed control, respectively. Organic versus conventional maize yielded 32% lower as the entry crop (no previous green manure crop). Grain N% and weed densities explained 72% of yield variability. Organic and conventional maize, following wheat/red clover in the second year, yielded similarly. Organic maize with high inputs following wheat/red clover and conventional maize with high inputs following soybean in the third year yielded the highest. Grain N% and maize densities explained 54% of yield variability. Grain crop producers in the Northeast USA who do not have on-farm manure and forage equipment should plant maize after wheat/red clover with additional N (~56 kg N/ha) at higher seeding rates (~7%) during the transition to insure adequate N status and to offset maize density reductions from mechanical weed control.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Organic maize yielded 32% lower than conventional maize as the entry crop.
- Treatment
- organice0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 32%e0
- Qualifier
- as the entry crop (no previous green manure crop)e0
- Comparator
- conventional maizee0
- Setting
- New Yorke6
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Organic versus conventional maize yielded 32% lower as the entry crop (no previous green manure crop)”
e6“We evaluated conventional and organic maize with recommended and high seeding and N rates in New York”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain N% and weed densities explained 72% of yield variability.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Grain N% and weed densities explained 72% of yield variability”
e0“Organic versus conventional maize yielded 32% lower as the entry crop (no previous green manure crop)”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic and conventional maize following wheat/red clover in the second year yielded similarly.
- Treatment
- following wheat/red clovere2
- Outcome
- yieldede2
- Direction
- similarlye2
- Qualifier
- in the second yeare2
- Comparator
- conventional maizee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Organic and conventional maize, following wheat/red clover in the second year, yielded similarly”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic maize with high inputs following wheat/red clover yielded the highest in the third year.
- Treatment
- high inputs following wheat/red clovere3
- Outcome
- yielded the higheste3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Qualifier
- in the third yeare3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Organic maize with high inputs following wheat/red clover and conventional maize with high inputs following soybean in the third year yielded the highest”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional maize with high inputs following soybean yielded the highest in the third year.
- Treatment
- high inputs following soybeane3
- Outcome
- yielded the higheste3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Qualifier
- in the third yeare3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Organic maize with high inputs following wheat/red clover and conventional maize with high inputs following soybean in the third year yielded the highest”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain N% and maize densities explained 54% of yield variability.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Grain N% and maize densities explained 54% of yield variability”
e0“Organic versus conventional maize yielded 32% lower as the entry crop (no previous green manure crop)”
Claim · model-written summary
Producers should plant maize after wheat/red clover with additional N (~56 kg N/ha) at higher seeding rates (~7%) during the transition.
- Treatment
- additional N (~56 kg N/ha)e5
- Outcome
- plant maize after wheat/red clovere5
- Qualifier
- higher seeding rates (~7%)e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“plant maize after wheat/red clover with additional N (~56 kg N/ha) at higher seeding rates (~7%) during the transition”
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