Abstract
The 2002 U.S. Farm Bill offers incentives to support the transition from conventional to certified organic production. Research‐based recommendations must be developed for suitable crop rotations that provide high yields, grain quality, and adequate soil fertility during the transition. We compared replicated conventional and organic systems, using identical crop varieties, during the 3‐yr transition period and the fourth year following a full rotation of organic corn ( Zea mays L.)–soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]–oat ( Avena sativa L.)–alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) to determine which rotation was associated with the lowest risk during transition. Organic feed corn yields at the Neely–Kinyon long‐term agroecological research (LTAR) site in Greenfield, IA, were equivalent to conventional yields in the transition years, and in the fourth year, the organic corn yield of 8.1 Mg ha −1 in the longest rotation was greater than the conventional corn yield of 7.1 Mg ha −1 in the conventional corn–soybean rotation. Organic and conventional soybean yields were similar in the 3 yr of transition. Organic soybean yield of 3.0 Mg ha −1 exceeded the conventional yield of 2.7 Mg ha −1 in the fourth year of organic production. Pre‐ and postharvest soil fertility values were responsive to manure application, but few differences between systems were observed. Grass and broadleaf weed populations varied between the organic and conventional systems each year, but the impact on yield was considered negligible. Corn borer ( Ostrinia nubilalis ) and bean leaf beetle ( Ceratoma trifurcata ) populations were similar between systems, with no effect on yield. We conclude that organic grain crops can be successfully produced in the 3 yr of transition to organic, and additional economic benefits can be derived from expanded crop rotations.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Organic feed corn yields in the transition years were equivalent to conventional corn yields at Greenfield, IA.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Treatment
- Organice1
- Outcome
- feed corn yieldse1
- Direction
- equivalente1
- Comparator
- conventional yieldse1
- Setting
- Greenfield, IAe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Organic feed corn yields at the Neely–Kinyon long‐term agroecological research (LTAR) site in Greenfield, IA, were equivalent to conventional yields in the transition years”
Claim · model-written summary
In the fourth year, organic corn yield in the longest rotation (8.1 Mg ha −1) was greater than conventional corn yield (7.1 Mg ha −1).
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Treatment
- longest rotatione2
- Outcome
- organic corn yielde2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Value
- 8.1 Mg ha −1e2
- Qualifier
- 7.1 Mg ha −1e2
- Comparator
- conventional corn yielde2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“in the fourth year, the organic corn yield of 8.1 Mg ha −1 in the longest rotation was greater than the conventional corn yield of 7.1 Mg ha −1 in the conventional corn–soybean rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic and conventional soybean yields were similar during the three transition years.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe3 - Treatment
- Organice3
- Outcome
- soybean yieldse3
- Direction
- similare3
- Comparator
- conventionale3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Organic and conventional soybean yields were similar in the 3 yr of transition”
Claim · model-written summary
In the fourth year of organic production, organic soybean yield (3.0 Mg ha −1) exceeded conventional soybean yield (2.7 Mg ha −1).
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe4
- Treatment
- fourth year of organic productione4
- Outcome
- Organic soybean yielde4
- Direction
- exceedede4
- Value
- 3.0 Mg ha −1e4
- Qualifier
- 2.7 Mg ha −1e4
- Comparator
- conventional yielde4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Organic soybean yield of 3.0 Mg ha −1 exceeded the conventional yield of 2.7 Mg ha −1 in the fourth year of organic production”
Claim · model-written summary
Grass and broadleaf weed populations varied between organic and conventional systems each year.
Verbatim
e5“Grass and broadleaf weed populations varied between the organic and conventional systems each year, but the impact on yield was considered negligible”
e7“We conclude that organic grain crops can be successfully produced in the 3 yr of transition to organic”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed impact on grain crop yield was negligible.
Verbatim
e5“Grass and broadleaf weed populations varied between the organic and conventional systems each year, but the impact on yield was considered negligible”
e7“We conclude that organic grain crops can be successfully produced in the 3 yr of transition to organic”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn borer populations were similar between organic and conventional systems, with no effect on yield.
Verbatim
e6“Corn borer ( Ostrinia nubilalis ) and bean leaf beetle ( Ceratoma trifurcata ) populations were similar between systems, with no effect on yield”
e7“We conclude that organic grain crops can be successfully produced in the 3 yr of transition to organic”
Claim · model-written summary
Bean leaf beetle populations were similar between organic and conventional systems, with no effect on yield.
Verbatim
e6“Corn borer ( Ostrinia nubilalis ) and bean leaf beetle ( Ceratoma trifurcata ) populations were similar between systems, with no effect on yield”
e7“We conclude that organic grain crops can be successfully produced in the 3 yr of transition to organic”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic grain crops can be successfully produced during the three transition years.
Verbatim
e7“We conclude that organic grain crops can be successfully produced in the 3 yr of transition to organic”
Claim · model-written summary
Expanded crop rotations can provide additional economic benefits in organic grain production.
Verbatim
e7“We conclude that organic grain crops can be successfully produced in the 3 yr of transition to organic, and additional economic benefits can be derived from expanded crop rotations”
The same questions in other papers
cultivation system · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
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- negative
- no effect
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See all 63 papers →cultivation system · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
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See all 155 papers →rotation · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
253 papers in the same direction as this paper · 52 in the opposite direction · 16 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
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See all 322 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.