Abstract
In an experiment with the use of a stable isotope of nitrogen 15N, the impact of fertilizers on grain yield of spring wheat and spring triticale on the dark chestnut soil in the dry steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan was estimated. The maximum yield of spring wheat grain was obtained when introducing N60 before sowing and that of spring triticale (2.2 times higher) when introducing N60 in equal parts before sowing and during tillering. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on yield of both the crops is more efficient compared to phosphate fertilizers. Both the crops used 30% of the introduced doses of fertilizer nitrogen for yield formation; 32% was fixed in the soil under spring wheat, 34% under spring triticale, and gaseous losses of nitrogen fertilizer were 38% and 36%, respectively. The maximum use of nitrogen fertilizer on yield formation (41–42%) is typical of both the crops when introducing N30 before sowing both against the background with and without phosphorus. As a result of better nitrogen use by plants, its gaseous losses fell to 15–26%. It is noted that, both in case of P0 and P60, levels of fertilizer nitrogen use decreased almost twofold, from 41–42 to 23–28%, when the nitrogen fertilizer dose was doubled. Fractional introduction of N60 by equal parts before sowing and during tillering hardly affected the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used by plants of both the crops for yield formation. The use of N30 during tillering compared to a similar dose before sowing reduced the factor of fertilizer use by plants.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Spring wheat grain yield was maximal with N60 before sowing.
- Taxon
- spring wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- N60 before sowinge0
- Outcome
- yield of spring wheat graine0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum yield of spring wheat grain was obtained when introducing N60 before sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring triticale grain yield was maximal with split N60 and was 2.2 times higher.
- Taxon
- spring triticale
×Triticosecalee0 - Treatment
- N60 in equal parts before sowing and during tilleringe0
- Outcome
- spring triticalee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.2 timese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“that of spring triticale (2.2 times higher) when introducing N60 in equal parts before sowing and during tillering”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer was more efficient for spring wheat yield than phosphate fertilizer.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilizere0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- more efficiente0
- Comparator
- phosphate fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on yield of both the crops is more efficient compared to phosphate fertilizers.”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer was more efficient for spring triticale yield than phosphate fertilizer.
- Taxon
- Spring Triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilizere0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- more efficiente0
- Comparator
- phosphate fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on yield of both the crops is more efficient compared to phosphate fertilizers.”
t0“Spring Triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Both crops used 30% of fertilizer nitrogen for yield formation.
- Taxon
- Spring Triticale and Spring WheatTriticum aestivum×Triticosecalet0
- Outcome
- fertilizer nitrogen for yield formatione0
- Value
- 30%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both the crops used 30% of the introduced doses of fertilizer nitrogen for yield formation”
t0“Spring Triticale and Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer nitrogen fixation in soil under spring wheat was 32%.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- fixed in the soil under spring wheate0
- Value
- 32%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“32% was fixed in the soil under spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer nitrogen fixation in soil under spring triticale was 34%.
- Taxon
- spring triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Outcome
- under spring triticalee0
- Value
- 34%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“34% under spring triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Gaseous fertilizer nitrogen loss was 38% under spring wheat.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- gaseous losses of nitrogen fertilizere0
- Value
- 38%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gaseous losses of nitrogen fertilizer were 38% and 36%, respectively”
e1“32% was fixed in the soil under spring wheat, 34% under spring triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Gaseous fertilizer nitrogen loss was 36% under spring triticale.
- Taxon
- spring triticale×Triticosecalee1
- Outcome
- gaseous losses of nitrogen fertilizere0
- Value
- 36%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gaseous losses of nitrogen fertilizer were 38% and 36%, respectively”
e1“34% under spring triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
N30 before sowing gave maximum fertilizer nitrogen use for yield formation in both crops, at 41–42%.
- Taxon
- Spring Triticale and Spring WheatTriticum aestivum×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- N30 before sowinge0
- Outcome
- use of nitrogen fertilizer on yield formatione0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 41–42%e0
- Qualifier
- with and without phosphoruse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum use of nitrogen fertilizer on yield formation (41–42%) is typical of both the crops when introducing N30 before sowing both against the background with and without phosphorus.”
t0“Spring Triticale and Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Better nitrogen use by plants reduced gaseous losses to 15–26%.
- Taxon
- Spring Triticale and Spring WheatTriticum aestivum×Triticosecalet0
- Outcome
- gaseous lossese0
- Direction
- felle0
- Value
- 15–26%e0
- Qualifier
- better nitrogen use by plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As a result of better nitrogen use by plants, its gaseous losses fell to 15–26%.”
t0“Spring Triticale and Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Doubling nitrogen dose decreased fertilizer nitrogen use from 41–42 to 23–28% under P0 or P60.
- Taxon
- Spring Triticale and Spring WheatTriticum aestivum×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilizer dose was doublede0
- Outcome
- levels of fertilizer nitrogen usee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 23–28%e0
- Qualifier
- both in case of P0 and P60e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both in case of P0 and P60, levels of fertilizer nitrogen use decreased almost twofold, from 41–42 to 23–28%, when the nitrogen fertilizer dose was doubled”
t0“Spring Triticale and Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Splitting N60 application hardly affected fertilizer nitrogen use by either crop.
- Taxon
- Spring Triticale and Spring WheatTriticum aestivum×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- Fractional introduction of N60 by equal parts before sowing and during tilleringe0
- Outcome
- amount of nitrogen fertilizer used by plants of both the crops for yield formatione0
- Direction
- hardly affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fractional introduction of N60 by equal parts before sowing and during tillering hardly affected the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used by plants of both the crops for yield formation.”
t0“Spring Triticale and Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
N30 at tillering reduced fertilizer use relative to N30 before sowing.
- Taxon
- Spring Triticale and Spring WheatTriticum aestivum×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- N30 during tilleringe0
- Outcome
- factor of fertilizer use by plantse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- a similar dose before sowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of N30 during tillering compared to a similar dose before sowing reduced the factor of fertilizer use by plants.”
t0“Spring Triticale and Spring Wheat”
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