Abstract
The importance of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) and P fertilizer for P nutrition and dry matter production in field peas (Pisum sativum L.) was studied in moderately P-deficient soil. Half of the experimental plots were fumigated to reduce the level of VAM infection. Shoots and 0 to 30 cm soil cores were sampled on three occasions. An extensive VAM infection was rapidly established in untreated soil, whereas infection levels were low in fumigated soil. Root growth responded to fumigation by increased root length and decreased root diameter. Fumigation reduced the P content in shoots considerably, and correspondingly the mean rates of P inflow per unit root length were 60% lower in fumigated than in untreated soil during flowering. These effects of fumigation were ascribed to the low levels of VAM infection in fumigated soil. The production of dry matter was not decreased accordingly in fumigated plots, although both it and P uptake were increased by adding P fertilizer. The possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. A supplementary survey on infection development at five other field sites showed that peas are extensively colonized by VAM fungi, even in soils where a standard procedure is being used. These results indicate that VAM is of major importance to P uptake by the field-grown pea.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated soil rapidly developed extensive VAM infection, while fumigated soil had low infection.
Verbatim
e0“An extensive VAM infection was rapidly established in untreated soil, whereas infection levels were low in fumigated soil”
e1“field peas (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumigation increased pea root length.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Root growth responded to fumigation by increased root length and decreased root diameter”
e1“field peas (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumigation decreased pea root diameter.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Root growth responded to fumigation by increased root length and decreased root diameter”
e1“field peas (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumigation substantially reduced pea shoot P content.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Fumigation reduced the P content in shoots considerably”
e1“field peas (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
P inflow per unit root length during flowering was 60% lower under fumigation than untreated soil.
Verbatim
e0“mean rates of P inflow per unit root length were 60% lower in fumigated than in untreated soil during flowering”
e1“field peas (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed reduced phosphorus uptake under fumigation to lower VAM infection.
Verbatim
e0“These effects of fumigation were ascribed to the low levels of VAM infection in fumigated soil”
e1“Fumigation reduced the P content in shoots considerably”
e2“field peas (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry matter production did not decline correspondingly in fumigated plots.
- Taxon
- field pease1
- Treatment
- fumigated plotse0
- Outcome
- production of dry mattere0
- Direction
- not decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The production of dry matter was not decreased accordingly in fumigated plots”
e1“field peas (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilizer increased pea dry matter production.
- Taxon
- field pease2
- Treatment
- adding P fertilizere0
- Outcome
- production of dry mattere1
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“both it and P uptake were increased by adding P fertilizer”
e1“The production of dry matter”
e2“field peas (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilizer increased pea P uptake.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“both it and P uptake were increased by adding P fertilizer”
e1“field peas (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Peas were extensively colonized by VAM fungi at five additional field sites.
- Taxon
- peas
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Interactor
- VAM fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- peas are extensively colonized by VAM fungie0
- Value
- fivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at five other field sites showed that peas are extensively colonized by VAM fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded VAM contributes substantially to field pea phosphorus uptake.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Interactor
- VAMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- P uptakee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“VAM is of major importance to P uptake by the field-grown pea”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.