Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hexoses are important metabolic signals that respond to abiotic and biotic stresses. Cold stress adversely affects plant growth and development, limiting productivity. The mechanism by which sugars regulate plant cold tolerance remains elusive. RESULTS: We examined the function of INVINH1, a cell wall invertase inhibitor, in tomato chilling tolerance. Cold stress suppressed the transcription of INVINH1 and increased that of cell wall invertase genes, Lin6 and Lin8 in tomato seedlings. Silencing INVINH1 expression in tomato increased cell wall invertase activity and enhanced chilling tolerance. Conversely, transgenic tomatoes over-expressing INVINH1 showed reduced cell wall invertase activity and were more sensitive to cold stress. Chilling stress increased glucose and fructose levels, and the hexoses content increased or decreased by silencing or overexpression INVINH1. Glucose applied in vitro masked the differences in chilling tolerance of tomato caused by the different expressions of INVINH1. The repression of INVINH1 or glucose applied in vitro regulated the expression of C-repeat binding factors (CBFs) genes. Transcript levels of NCED1, which encodes 9-cisepoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of abscisic acid, were suppressed by INVINH1 after exposure to chilling stress. Meanwhile, application of ABA protected plant from chilling damage caused by the different expression of INVINH1. CONCLUSIONS: In tomato, INVINH1 plays an important role in chilling tolerance by adjusting the content of glucose and expression of CBFs.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Cold stress suppressed INVINH1 transcription.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- Cold stresse0
- Gene
- INVINH1e0
- Outcome
- transcription of INVINH1e0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cold stress suppressed the transcription of INVINH1 and increased that of cell wall invertase genes, Lin6 and Lin8 in tomato seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold stress increased Lin6 and Lin8 transcription.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Cold stresse0
- Gene
- Lin6 and Lin8e0
- Outcome
- cell wall invertase genes, Lin6 and Lin8e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cold stress suppressed the transcription of INVINH1 and increased that of cell wall invertase genes, Lin6 and Lin8 in tomato seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
INVINH1 silencing increased cell wall invertase activity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Silencing INVINH1 expressione0
- Gene
- INVINH1e0
- Outcome
- cell wall invertase activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing INVINH1 expression in tomato increased cell wall invertase activity and enhanced chilling tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
INVINH1 silencing enhanced chilling tolerance.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Silencing INVINH1 expressione0
- Gene
- INVINH1e0
- Outcome
- chilling tolerancee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing INVINH1 expression in tomato increased cell wall invertase activity and enhanced chilling tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
INVINH1 overexpression reduced invertase activity.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- over-expressing INVINH1e0
- Gene
- INVINH1e0
- Outcome
- cell wall invertase activitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transgenic tomatoes over-expressing INVINH1 showed reduced cell wall invertase activity and were more sensitive to cold stress”
Claim · model-written summary
INVINH1 overexpression increased cold sensitivity.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- over-expressing INVINH1e0
- Gene
- INVINH1e0
- Outcome
- cold stresse0
- Direction
- more sensitivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transgenic tomatoes over-expressing INVINH1 showed reduced cell wall invertase activity and were more sensitive to cold stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling increased glucose and fructose levels.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Chilling stresse0
- Outcome
- glucose and fructose levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chilling stress increased glucose and fructose levels”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
INVINH1 silencing increased hexose content.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- silencinge0
- Gene
- INVINH1e0
- Outcome
- hexoses contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the hexoses content increased or decreased by silencing or overexpression INVINH1”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
INVINH1 overexpression decreased hexose content.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- overexpression INVINH1e0
- Gene
- INVINH1e0
- Outcome
- hexoses contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the hexoses content increased or decreased by silencing or overexpression INVINH1”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro glucose masked chilling tolerance differences due to INVINH1 expression.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Glucose applied in vitroe0
- Gene
- INVINH1e0
- Outcome
- differences in chilling tolerancee0
- Direction
- maskede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glucose applied in vitro masked the differences in chilling tolerance of tomato caused by the different expressions of INVINH1”
Claim · model-written summary
INVINH1 repression or glucose application regulated CBF expression.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- CBFse0
- Outcome
- expression of C-repeat binding factors (CBFs) genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The repression of INVINH1 or glucose applied in vitro regulated the expression of C-repeat binding factors (CBFs) genes”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
INVINH1 suppressed NCED1 transcripts after chilling.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- INVINH1e0
- Gene
- NCED1e0
- Outcome
- Transcript levels of NCED1e0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcript levels of NCED1, which encodes 9-cisepoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of abscisic acid, were suppressed by INVINH1 after exposure to chilling stress”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA application protected plants from chilling damage associated with INVINH1 expression differences.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- application of ABAe0
- Gene
- INVINH1e0
- Outcome
- chilling damagee0
- Direction
- protectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of ABA protected plant from chilling damage caused by the different expression of INVINH1”
t0“tomato”
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