Abstract
Impact of elevated CO2 (free air CO2 enrichment) was studied on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var Kundan) growth, yield and proteome. Elevated CO2 significantly impacted both underground (+24%) and aboveground (+15%) biomass. Grain weight/plant and harvest index were increased by 35% and 11.4%, respectively under high CO2. On the other hand, seed protein content was decreased by 19% under CO2 enrichment while seed starch and soluble sugar contents were increased by 8% and 23%, respectively. Wheat leaf proteomics revealed that 50 proteins were showing differential expression. Twenty proteins were more abundant while 30 were less abundant. Thirty two proteins were identified by MALDI TOF TOF. More abundant proteins were related to defense, photosynthesis, energy metabolism etc. While less abundant proteins were related to glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Wheat grain proteomics revealed that out of 49 differentially abundant proteins, 24 were more in abundance and 25 were less in abundance in wheat grains under eCO2 condition. Thirty three proteins were identified and functionally characterized. They were found to be involved mainly in carbon metabolism, storage, defence and proteolysis. Gluten proteins are the major component of wheat storage proteins. Our results showed that both high and low molecular weight glutenins were more in eCO2 wheat seeds while there was no change in gliadin evels. This might alter wheat dough strength. Concentration of grain Cr and As was increased at eCO2 while that of Fe, Cu, Zn and Se were found to be decreased. Dynamics of carbon utilization and metabolic abilities of soil microbes under eCO2 were significantly altered. Our study showed that altered wheat seed composition is cause for concern vis-à-vis nutrition and health and for industries which may have implications for agriculturally dominated country like India.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased underground biomass by 24%.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Elevated CO2e0
- Outcome
- undergrounde0
- Value
- +24%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated CO2 significantly impacted both underground (+24%) and aboveground (+15%) biomass.”
t0“Wheat Growth and Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased aboveground biomass by 15%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO2e0
- Outcome
- abovegrounde0
- Value
- +15%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated CO2 significantly impacted both underground (+24%) and aboveground (+15%) biomass.”
t0“Wheat Growth and Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain weight per plant increased by 35% under high CO2.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high CO2e0
- Outcome
- Grain weight/plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 35%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain weight/plant and harvest index were increased by 35% and 11.4%, respectively under high CO2.”
t0“Wheat Growth and Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest index increased by 11.4% under high CO2.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high CO2e0
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain weight/plant and harvest index were increased by 35% and 11.4%, respectively under high CO2.”
t0“Wheat Growth and Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
seed protein content changed by 19% under CO2 enrichment.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CO2 enrichmente0
- Outcome
- seed protein contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 19%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the other hand, seed protein content was decreased by 19% under CO2 enrichment while seed starch and soluble sugar contents were increased by 8% and 23%, respectively.”
t0“Wheat Growth and Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
seed starch changed by 8% under CO2 enrichment.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CO2 enrichmente0
- Outcome
- seed starche0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the other hand, seed protein content was decreased by 19% under CO2 enrichment while seed starch and soluble sugar contents were increased by 8% and 23%, respectively.”
t0“Wheat Growth and Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
soluble sugar contents changed by 23% under CO2 enrichment.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CO2 enrichmente0
- Outcome
- soluble sugar contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 23%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the other hand, seed protein content was decreased by 19% under CO2 enrichment while seed starch and soluble sugar contents were increased by 8% and 23%, respectively.”
t0“Wheat Growth and Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Fifty wheat leaf proteins were differentially expressed.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- proteins were showing differential expressione0
- Value
- 50 proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat leaf proteomics revealed that 50 proteins were showing differential expression.”
t0“Wheat Growth and Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty wheat leaf proteins were more abundant.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- proteins were more abundante0
- Direction
- more abundante0
- Value
- Twenty proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Twenty proteins were more abundant while 30 were less abundant.”
t0“Wheat Growth and Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirty wheat leaf proteins were less abundant.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- 30 were less abundante0
- Direction
- less abundante0
- Value
- 30e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Twenty proteins were more abundant while 30 were less abundant.”
t0“Wheat Growth and Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirty two wheat leaf proteins were identified by MALDI TOF TOF.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- proteins were identifiede0
- Value
- Thirty two proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thirty two proteins were identified by MALDI TOF TOF.”
t0“Wheat Growth and Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat grain contained 49 differentially abundant proteins, 24 more abundant and 25 less abundant under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Outcome
- differentially abundant proteinse0
- Value
- 49 differentially abundant proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat grain proteomics revealed that out of 49 differentially abundant proteins, 24 were more in abundance and 25 were less in abundance in wheat grains under eCO2 condition.”
t0“Wheat Growth and Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirty three wheat grain proteins were identified and functionally characterized.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- proteins were identified and functionally characterizede0
- Value
- Thirty three proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thirty three proteins were identified and functionally characterized.”
t0“Wheat Growth and Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
High and low molecular weight glutenins were more abundant in elevated CO2 wheat seeds.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- eCO2e0
- Outcome
- high and low molecular weight gluteninse0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both high and low molecular weight glutenins were more in eCO2 wheat seeds while there was no change in gliadin evels.”
t0“Wheat Growth and Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Gliadin levels did not change in elevated CO2 wheat seeds.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- eCO2e0
- Outcome
- gliadin evelse0
- Direction
- no changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both high and low molecular weight glutenins were more in eCO2 wheat seeds while there was no change in gliadin evels.”
t0“Wheat Growth and Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain Cr and As concentrations rose under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- eCO2e0
- Outcome
- Concentration of grain Cr and Ase0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentration of grain Cr and As was increased at eCO2 while that of Fe, Cu, Zn and Se were found to be decreased.”
t0“Wheat Growth and Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain Fe, Cu, Zn and Se concentrations declined under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- eCO2e0
- Outcome
- Fe, Cu, Zn and See0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentration of grain Cr and As was increased at eCO2 while that of Fe, Cu, Zn and Se were found to be decreased.”
t0“Wheat Growth and Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil microbial carbon utilization dynamics and metabolic abilities changed significantly under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- eCO2e0
- Outcome
- carbon utilization and metabolic abilities of soil microbese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dynamics of carbon utilization and metabolic abilities of soil microbes under eCO2 were significantly altered.”
t0“Wheat Growth and Yield”
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